臺灣母親母乳中寡醣和三酸甘油酯的輪廓分析

Abstract

母乳是嬰兒理想的營養來源，母乳寡醣與脂質是母乳中第三及第二豐富的成分。本研究使用液相層析串聯質譜法解析母乳中21種母乳寡醣以及三酸甘油酯中奇數鏈脂肪酸、EPA和DHA脂肪酸之分布。樣品來自成大醫院與臺大醫院招募118位母親所提供的319個母乳，其分別在出生後第 1、2.5、4、5、8、16、24和52週進行收集。本研究以不同的特徵結構對母乳寡醣進行分類並討論泌乳期間其在母乳中的分布情情況，並藉由母乳寡醣上的結構特徵碎片辨別抗原表位以推測母親之基因型。臺灣母親Se+Le+型的比例高達9成，且觀察到Se−Le+基因型的臺灣母親其母乳中唾液酸化母乳寡醣的占比較全球平均結果低。最後則透過相關性分析探討相同分泌狀態下母嬰特徵與母親食用之營養補充品對母乳寡醣分布的影響。另一方面，本研究於臺灣婦女的母乳中鑑別出86個三酸甘油酯，包含4種含有奇數鏈脂肪酸之三酸甘油酯β-PPeO、β-PeOO、β-MaPO和β-OMaO，以及4種含有含有EPA或DHA之三酸甘油酯β-PODh、β-OPDh、β-OEpO和β-OOEp。其中在甘油骨幹的sn-2位置上具有Pentadecylic acid (C15:0)、Margaric acid (C17:0) 和Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) 的酯化。此外觀察到母親的飲食習慣與基因可能不會影響母乳中含有EPA或DHA之三酸甘油酯。

Human milk (HM) provides newborns with ideal natural nutrition. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and lipids are the third and second most abundant components in breast milk. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify 21 HMOs and odd-chain fatty acids, EPA, and DHA in triglycerides (TG) of HM. A total of 237 human milk samples were obtained from 89 women who delivered healthy full-term infants by NCKUH and NTUH recruited. The milk sample were collected on postnatal week 1, 2.5, 4, 5, 8,16, 24 and 52. We classified HMOs based on different characteristic fragments to discuss their profile in HM during lactation. Antigenic epitopes on the HMOs were also identified, which inferred the Se+Le+ type was up to 90% of Taiwanese mothers. Additionally, the fraction of sialylated HMOs in HM of Taiwanese mothers with Se−Le+ genotype is lower than the global average. Finally, correlation analysis was conducted to explore the effects of maternal-infant characteristics and dietary supplements consumed by mothers on the profile of HMOs in the same mike group. On the other hand, this study identified 86 TGs in HM of Taiwanese women, including 4 TGs containing odd-chain fatty acids, β-PPeO, β-PeOO, β-MaPO, and β-OMaO, and 4 TG s containing Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) or Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), which are β-PODh, β-OPDh, β-OEpO and β-OOEp. Among these TGs, only Pentadecylic acid (C15:0), Margaric acid (C17:0) and EPA esterified at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. In addition, it was observed that the mother's dietary patterns and genetic background may not affect the level of the TGs with EPA or DHA in HM.