邁向過渡城市:中興新村宿舍活化與造家實作

Abstract

本研究以過渡都市主義（makeshift urbanism)分析中興新村轉型困境，將宿舍閒置與活化放在新自由都市化空間資本積累過程下檢視，然而在此過渡階段，僅存的原住戶儘管處於不穩定的居住身分，卻得以較為包容的居住樣態持續生活。精省之後至今二十五年，中興新村一直未能完成轉型，一般認為這是當地發展的停滯，是政策失敗與國有資產的浪費，然而這是國土活化為預設的主流看法，卻未注意現存原住戶正持續再生產空間。研究探討轉型過渡期間的空間實踐與規劃意涵，以過渡城市理論為基礎，並採用地方與空間民族誌方法，闡述政治經濟結構下的微觀實作；並以造家（homemaking）理論、維護修補（maintenance & repair）理論加強說明居民的日常實作核心。研究認為中興新村正是在轉型過渡時期，政治與經濟力量因此有所節制，在國家模糊管理的公私互動平衡下，居民透過自力的非正式營造與維護、互助以及與宿舍彼此庇護的關係，得以構成包容性城市的住居樣態。然而居民的日常實作還未提供足夠推動轉型的動力與資源，仍有賴空間專業與政策的適度介入，擺脫曖昧與不穩定的過渡階段。研究建議應結合當地居民參與，優先規劃閒置宿舍為多元且多層次的可負擔住宅社區單元。並納入居住者營運與管理未來的住宅社區，將有助導引由下而上的社會與空間轉型，促成具包容性的過渡城市。

Drawing upon the framework of makeshift urbanism, the thesis looks into the redevelopment project of state-owned dormitories in Zhongxing New Village in Nantou, Taiwan. As the first post-War new town built in Taiwan in 1956, it has undergone a series of transformation influenced by neoliberalization, yet remained a set of inclusive settlements where inhabitants have negotiated and maintained their livelihoods ever since. The ideas of makeshift urbanism bridge political economy and post-structuralism, so they can uncover the tension between urban redevelopment and housing needs. This thesis finds that the Zhongxing New Village redevelopment started as an accumulation-based process aiming to relocate original dwellers, evolving into a current state of compromise where an assemblage of housing forms, people, materials, places and ideas coexist. I analyze the micro-politic of housing/property management and dwellers by conducting an ethnography of place and space informed by theories of homemaking, maintenance and repair, and so on. The findings suggest that an inclusive living environment here assembles informally and autonomy in terms of housing maintenance, as well as solidarity and mutual care in terms of community relations within each neighborhood and between inhabitants and buildings given residents’ precarity and the state’s ambiguous property management. The thesis suggests that the government should remodel some of these dormitories into affordable housing units, while involving current residents in the planning and remodeling processes to promote grassroots participation as one way to lead social transformation, and ultimately, to sustain an inclusive, makeshift city.