臉部情緒辨識能力對憂鬱與自殺意念之病理影響：以關係霸凌受害青少年為例

Abstract

目的：青少年憂鬱與自殺盛行率的提升，嚴重影響其性格與身心發展，現今已難以忽視之。本研究奠基於脆弱質－壓力假說（diathesis-stress hypotheses）與社會訊息處理論（social information processing theory）之憂鬱病理的觀點，並結合自殺人際理論，嘗試從人際與社會認知的角度，探討臉部情緒辨識能力對青少年憂鬱與自殺的病理性影響。此外，關係霸凌亦對人際需求提升之青少年造成負面影響，為重要的人際壓力事件。故本研究建構一霸凌影響青少年憂鬱與自殺的病理模型，探究臉部情緒辨識能力、憂鬱症狀與自殺意念風險和關係霸凌受害經驗之間的關係。研究方法：研究首先編製關係霸凌受害經驗問卷、重新編譯臺灣中文版之人際需求問卷，並檢驗二者之心理計量特性。繼而以高雄某國中一年級學生為研究對象（n = 210），透過團體施測版DANVA-II-TW與自陳式量表蒐集資料。研究結果：（一）難過情緒辨識與憂鬱症狀為負相關，不具情緒一致性。（二）憂鬱症狀中介關係霸凌受害經驗與自殺意念風險的關聯。（三）不同情緒的辨識能力對關係霸凌受害經驗、憂鬱症狀的病理性影響有所差異。（四）女性之臉部情緒辨識能力與關係霸凌受害經驗的關聯較男性強。（五）關係霸凌受害經驗在臉部情緒辨識能力與憂鬱症狀的關係中具調節效果。討論：本研究結果可於教育及臨床場域中，提供對青少年憂鬱與自殺病理嶄新的視角，協助拓展對臉部情緒辨識能力之病理性影響的瞭解，並促進關係霸凌的預防與介入策略的發展。

Background: The increasing prevalence of depression and suicide among adolescents has seriously affected their personality and mental development, and thus difficult to ignore. Based on the diathesis-stress hypotheses and social information processing theory, and the interpersonal theory of suicide as well, this study aimed to explore the psychopathological effects of facial emotion recognition on depression and suicide in adolescents from the perspective of interpersonal and social cognition. Moreover, due that the interpersonal needs have increased for adolescents, relational bullying, an important interpersonal stress event, has brought in huge negative impacts. Therefore, this study constructed a psychopathological model of bullied events, depression, and suicide in adolescents, and explored the relationship among facial emotion recognition, experience of relational bullying victimization, depressive symptoms and risk of suicidal ideation. Methods: First, this study constructed the Experience of Relational Bullying Victimization Questionnaire and translated the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, and tested the psychometric properties. Next, a total of 210 seventh graders of a junior high school in Kaohsiung participated in this study. The group-version of DANVA-II-TW and self-report measures were collected at group base in the classroom. Results: (1) Recognition of sadness was negatively correlated with depression, suggesting no mood-congruent effect. (2) Depressive symptoms had mediating effect on the association of experience of relational bullying victimization and risk of suicidal ideation. (3) Different emotion recognition abilities displayed different psychopathological effects on experience of relational bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. (4) For girls, the relationship between facial emotion recognition and experience of relational bullying victimization was stronger than that of boys. (5) Experience of relational bullying victimization displayed moderating effect on the relationship between facial emotion recognition and depressive symptoms. Discussion: These results can provide a new perspective concerning the psychopathology of depression and suicide in adolescents, and can inspire more evidence-based programs for educational and clinical applications. Moreover, it will help to expand our understanding of the psychopathological effects of facial emotion recognition so thus to better the development of strategies for the prevention and intervention of relational bullying.