中文成語難度排序──以臺灣華語文教材為本

Abstract

本研究以「中文成語難度等級制訂—以臺灣華語文教材為本」為題，旨在為臺灣華語文教材中成語訂定難度排序。期能從科學維度出發，有效結合「理論」與「實務」兩大面向，全面提升中文成語教與學之效能。 首先，本文根據華測會資料選出15本臺灣華語文常用教材，並搭配中國《漢語水平詞彙與漢字等級大綱》和臺灣〈華語八千詞表〉，從中選出456個準成語，接著利用三本權威成語字典選出354個成語作為研究母體，並利用分層隨機抽樣方式，選出140個樣本進行實證研究。 其次，從先行研究發現成語難度牽涉許多因素，包括：漢字難度、詞彙語義、語法結構等，筆者逐項分析後訂出本文成語難度制訂三大指標，分別為：「使用頻率」、「語義透明度」和「詞彙化」。接著，筆者將三大指標分別套用「語料庫分析」、「問卷調查」和「結構式訪談」作為研究方法，藉此得到每個指標的內部評分，作為成語難度排序的依據。 再者，本研究使用層級分析法（AHP）和德菲法（Delphi）訂定三大指標權重，並據此確立了成語難度公式。為了避免極端值干擾，本文採Z分數檢視成語，最後將140個成語依難度分數高低進行排序，希望排序能提升成語教學效能和學習效率，讓第二語言學習者更有效率掌握中文成語。

The topic of the dissertation is “Difficulty Hierarchy of Chinese Idioms-based on Chinese Materials of Taiwan.” The main goal is to combine theory with application of Chinese teaching and to establish a paradigm of difficulty hierarchy of Chinese idiom to enhance the efficiency of Chinese learning. First of all, according to the data of “Steering Committee of the Test Of Proficiency- Huayu”, we adopted 15 Chinese materials most common used in Taiwan and two authorizd Chinese vocabulary tables. In this way, we picked put 140 Chinese idioms as our research materials. After a series of literature review, we worked out three indications to measure the difficulty hierarchy of Chinese idoms as followings: frequency, semantic transparency and lexicalization. Secondly, to implement these indications, we chose “corpus analysis”, “questionnaire survey” and “structured interview” as thier respective research methods. Furthermore, to weigh three indications, we adopted the concept of “analytic herarchy process” and “Delphi” to analysize their specific proportion. Besides, to avoid the interference of extreme values, we used “Z score” as the methd to examine the data. Thirdly, in the cause of application of Chinese indiom hierarchy, we hope to figure out some practical strategies, including the teaching order of Chinese idiom, Chinese idiom examination, and text books compilation in the near futue. In the end, the paper highlights the actuality and future research direction of compiling Chinese indiom reference books. Lastly, by this way, we hope to enhance international culture communication to empower SLA Chinese idiom learning efficiency.