中醫術語的翻譯策略： 以楊明山等譯者所譯之《小兒藥證直訣》為例

Abstract

在全球化的浪潮下，中醫典籍的翻譯品質在中醫藥文化和知識的傳播上扮演著舉足輕重的關鍵角色。有鑑於過去的中醫翻譯研究主要聚焦於《黃帝內經》、《傷寒論》等內科經典，本研究將探討中醫兒科典籍《小兒藥證直訣》的翻譯。本研究深入剖析二〇一九年楊明山等譯者所譯之《小兒藥證直訣》中的症狀術語以及方劑名，透過質性分析，探討其命名原則與翻譯策略。結果顯示，此部中醫兒科典籍的翻譯為原文導向，症狀名多使用直譯，方劑名全使用複合策略，文化詞和抽象概念多為直譯。結果亦發現，在中醫症狀描述的翻譯上，傾向於直接借用西醫兒科術語，中醫藥物成分多直接使用拉丁名，顯現出原文導向的策略中，亦含有以讀者為中心的意圖，是「中西結合」浪潮下所帶來的翻譯趨勢。

In the current context of globalization, the quality of translated classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plays a crucial role in the dissemination of Chinese culture and the concepts of TCM. Previous translation studies in TCM focused mainly on classics in internal medicine such as the Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor and Shanghanlun, leaving research gaps in the subfields of Chinese medicine. Therefore, this study focuses on a case study of a pediatric classic, Concise Guide to Medicinal Application in Pediatrics: Translation of Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue, aiming to contribute to the translation studies of TCM by analyzing the nomenclature principles and the underlying translation strategies in its terminology. The results indicate that the translation of the terminologies in Xiao Er Yao Zheng Zhi Jue is source-oriented. Symptom descriptions mostly apply literal translation, prescriptions all apply translation couplets, while cultural and abstract concepts are mostly presented literally. It is also observed that there is an apparent tendency to incorporate Western medical terms in the translation of symptom descriptions and medicinal substances, indicating an inclination towards the communicative approach under current content of integrative medicine.