多重永續發展治理術在雙連埤地方的滲透

Abstract

在20世紀末台灣社會興起的環保運動氛圍下，宜蘭縣政府委託劉炯錫等人（1995）針對雙連埤埤區水域進行首次的正式生態調查計畫，計畫發現 雙連埤埤區保留了台灣北部楠儲林帶多數的原生濕地植物群落 ，總計70科180種，特別是眾多的珍稀濕地植物，如水社柳、田蔥、鬼菱、石龍尾、蓴菜等。驚奇的生態調查結果，使台灣政府開始關注 雙連埤地區作為保留台灣低海拔原生濕地棲地的重要角色，也成為 民間 保育人士 保護雙連「埤」的依據。雙連埤 埤區 從此由農業灌溉設施 一舉躍身為國家級保育 濕地 ，同時也開啟了多重永續發展治理術在雙連埤地方的滲透過程。 我主要的田野材料是 1995年至 2023年併發於宜蘭縣員山鄉雙連埤地區的永續發展治理進程，以「永續發展的多重性」、「多重永續發展治理術的滲透機 制」及「異質行動者的回應」為三個核心發問， 總結 提出研究命題「多重永續發展治理術在雙連埤地方的滲透」。 我 指出雙連埤的三種永續發展治理術：荒野保護協會偕同宜蘭縣政府的「保護區治理術」、林業署借鏡里山倡議在私有地上作保育的「 SEPL治理術」，以及雙連埤地區永續發展協會的「社區營造治理術」。本研究 的 目的 是解析上述三種治理術如何滲透進雙連埤地方並建構出有效的鄉村保育治理機制 ，而 地方上的異質行動者又如何回應， 以 塑造出心目中的理想家園。結論有三：第一，傳統農耕聚落解離後的小家戶轉向，以及隨之發生的多元土地利用，我稱此過程為農業地景「斑塊化」， 並 認為此社會背景的 轉變是永續發展概念得以滲透進雙連埤地方的重要因素。第二，我引用拼裝理論（ Assemblage的方法論視角，呈現異質行動者彼此間如何 合作、 對抗、順從或協作，交織成了雙連埤的多重永續發展治理拼裝體。第三，我指認出 關鍵的拼裝勞動為「保育標的」的生產，從保護區濕地物種保育到私有地濕地生態系串聯，揭示 保育政策與異質行動者互構的動態拼裝過程。我期望以多重永續發展治理術在 雙連埤地方的滲透過程為例，為當代台灣的鄉村保育治理提供一個特殊的觀點。

In the late 20th century, amidst the rise of the environmental movement in Taiwanese society, the Yilan County Government commissioned Chiung-hsi Liu and his team (1995) to conduct the first formal ecological survey of the Shuanglianpi area. This survey revealed that Shuanglianpi preserved a significant number of native wetland plant communities from the machilus--castanopsis forest zone in northern Taiwan, totaling 70 families and 180 species, including many rare species such as Kusano Willow, Common Philydrum, Maximowicz Waterchestnut, Sessil Marshweed, and Water Shield. These surprising findings prompted the Taiwanese government to recognize the importance of Shuanglianpi as a key habitat for preserving low-altitude native wetlands, and it also became a basis for environmental activists to advocate for the protection of the Shuanglianpi wetlands. As a result, Shuanglianpi was transformed from an agricultural irrigation facility into a nationally protected wetland, initiating the integration of multiple sustainable development governance strategies in the area. The primary field data for this study spans from 1995 to 2023, focusing on the sustainable development governance processes in the Shuanglianpi area of Yuanshan Township, Yilan County. This research is centered around three core questions: the multiplicity of sustainable development, the penetration mechanisms of multiple sustainable development governance strategies, and the responses of heterogeneous actors. This research aims to illustrate the penetration of multiple sustainable development governance strategies in Shuanglianpi. I identify three key governance strategies: the "Protected Area Governance" implemented by the Society of Wilderness in collaboration with the Yilan County Government, the "SEPL Governance" inspired by the Satoyama Initiative on private lands by the Forestry and Nature Conservation Agency, and the "Community Building Governance" by the Shuanglianpi Sustainable Development Association. The objective of this research is to analyze how these governance strategies penetrate the Shuanglianpi area and establish effective rural conservation governance mechanisms, as well as how local heterogeneous actors respond to shape their envisioned ideal homeland. The conclusions of this study are threefold: First, the transition of small households following the dissolution of traditional farming settlements, accompanied by diverse land use, termed the "Patchification" of the agricultural landscape, is identified as a significant factor facilitating the penetration of sustainable development concepts in Shuanglianpi. Second, employing the methodological perspective of Assemblage Theory, I demonstrate how heterogeneous actors cooperate, resist, comply, or collaborate, creating the multiple sustainable development governance assemblages in Shuanglianpi. Third, I highlight the critical assemblage labor as the production of "conservation targets," from the conservation of wetland species in protected areas to the linkage of wetland ecosystems on private lands, revealing the dynamic assemblage process of conservation policies and the co-construction by heterogeneous actors. By examining the penetration process of multiple sustainable development governance strategies in Shuanglianpi, this study aims to provide a unique perspective on rural conservation governance in contemporary Taiwan.