在彰化發現的幾處臺灣合院建築之衍化與生成

Abstract

漢人傳統合院建築，是一種空間概念，也是風水與儒家思想的具體物質展現，長久穩定的流傳。然而，在田野經驗中，卻有著不同於傳統概念的合院建築出現。因此，本研究的核心發問是「什麼樣的力量會突破合院，進而改變合院的型態」。 本研究分析出三個促進合院衍化與生成的動力，其一是日本文化的影響，其二是家族中信仰的發展，其三是新型農業設備的進入。首先，因為受到日本的統治，居民需要在合院中生產出可以接待他者的空間，在合院裡創造了和室，成為了新的機能空間；其次，當家祭神明香火逐漸興盛，或居民有信仰的需求，合院從住宅空間變成地方村廟，因為超血緣的祭祀而公共化；最後，農業設備的變遷，使得合院的概念發生轉化，設備空間成為了建築的中心。 其中，明顯突破合院的形制的是農業機械與設備，日本文化產生了附屬於合院的空間，而宗教信仰則加強了原本正身公共的特質。最後，影響這些個案的力量，並不是彰化地區獨有，而是臺灣區域性的特質，因此，從彰化合院的衍化與生成，我們可以從另一個觀點來理解臺灣的合院。

The traditional Han residence is a spatial concept and a physical manifestation of Feng Shui（風水）and Confucianism（儒家思想）. It's a stable and constant tradition. However, through fieldwork, we could find out that some traditional Han residence had changed in Changhua. Therefore, the main question of this study is that "what kind of forces will break the traditional Han residence, change its shape and its concept ". This study analyzes three forces that contributed to the evolution of traditional Han residence: the influence of Japanese culture, the development of beliefs within the family, and the entry of new agricultural equipment. Firstly, due to the Japanese rule, the residents needed to produce a space in the house to receive others. So, they created the Japanese-style room in the far end of the arms of the residence, and produced a new functional space; secondly, when the incense of the family gods gradually flourished, or when the residents had the need for faith, the Han residence transformed from a residential space to a local temple, and became publicized due to the rituals of the beyond-blood sacrifices; lastly, the changes in the agricultural equipment transformed the concept of traditional Han residence. The space of equipment became the center of the architecture. Among them, the obvious breakthroughs of the traditional Han residence were the agricultural machine and equipment. Japanese culture produced spaces attached to the traditional Han residence, and religious reinforced the original communal character of the body of Han residence. In addition, the forces that influenced these cases were not unique to Changhua, but rather to the regional characteristics of Taiwan. Therefore, from the locality derivation and generation of the Changhua Han residences, we may understand the Taiwan Han residences from another point of view.