兩岸動賓短語離析與重動用法使用差異初探

Abstract

本研究以兩岸常見「動賓式結構」雙音節離合詞為主題，挑選38個高頻動賓（VO）短語，調查兩岸四個族群（中國北方年輕族群、中國南方年輕族群、臺灣南部年輕族群、臺灣南部中老年族）是否因閩南語背景的有無、兩岸背景差異、世代差異等因素，造成偏好使用重動式或離析式，並分析其背後可能成因。先行研究發現，兩岸的諸多語言差異可能與臺灣的閩南語背景有關，然而有關兩岸句法差異的研究稍顯不足，並少有文獻以統計量化其使用狀況，為彌補此一研究缺口，本論文調查兩岸重動式和離析式使用現象之差異。本研究採問卷調查法，結果發現有語言背景差異、兩岸差異、世代差異的中國北方年輕族群與臺灣南部中老年族群之間所有動賓短語皆達到顯著差異。依據各族群間產生的各結果顯示語言背景差異——即閩南語對各族群語言習慣的影響大於世代差異與兩岸差異。無閩南語背景的中國北方年輕族群使用動賓短語表達時習慣選用離析（插入成分）句法居多，有閩南語背景的中國南方年輕族群、臺灣南部年輕、中老族群選用重動式句法者較多。此外，在接受度測試中，本研究發現臺灣族群對於離析式句法接受度低於中國族群，無論是否具備閩南語背景，中國年輕族群對於離析句法的接受度皆有較高表現。臺灣族群對離析式句法接受度則偏低，其中尤以受閩南語影響最深的臺灣南部中老年族群為甚。本研究所發現的兩岸華語動賓短語離析或重動句法產生的差異結果，證明了即使使用同一種語言，在不同地區，將因不同語言背景差異或世代差異而產生使用習慣上的差異與偏好。

With the diversity of cultural and linguistic backgrounds, language users who live in different regions but share the same language may have different syntactic preferences. In this study, by probing the usage of disyllabic separable words, the language preferences of Taiwan and mainland China were investigated 38 high-frequency separable words were selected to examine whether the four groups of people—the youth from Northern China, the youth from Southern China, the youth from Southern Taiwan, and senior people from Southern Taiwan—have disparities in VO phrase preferences due to their differences in culture, generation, and language background. Previous findings have shown that different language backgrounds may have caused the language gap between Taiwan and China; however, previous studies lack quantitative syntactic analysis. To remedy this gap, this study aims at examining the differences between Taiwan and China by investigating the separable word and the verb-copying construction. Based on the result of survey research conducted, it was found that the youth from Northern China and senior people from Southern Taiwan, who have a generation gap and share no cultural and language background in common, use the VO phrases in very different ways. Furthermore, compared to generation and cross-strait culture, the Minnan language background is the primary factor in conditioning the choice between separable word and verb-copying construction. When using VO phrases, the youth from Northern China, who has no Minnan language background, are more likely to use separate words, whereas the youth in Southern China, the youth in Southern Taiwan, and senior people in Southern Taiwan--having the Minnan language background--are prone to use verb-copying construction. In addition, in acceptance test, it is found that Taiwanese speakers’ acceptance for separable words is lower than that of Chinese speakers; for young people in China, the acceptance of separable words is higher no matter whether speakers have Minnan language background. In comparison, the Taiwanese are less likely to accept separable words, and senior people in Southern Taiwan, deeply influenced by Minnan language background, show the least acceptance of separable words. In conclusion, it is evident that people’s backgrounds do have a grave influence on their syntactic preferences.