兒童小說文化教學設計研究──以《修煉I》為例

Abstract

本文的研究動機是針對在台國際學校兒童的中華文化學習需求，探索適用於兒童文化教學的學習材料、文化主題和文化活動設計。 根據目前關於兒童華語教學的文獻回顧，研究多以語言教材編寫與語言教學設計為主。此外，以文學作品作為文化教學應用的教學對象則多為成年人設計。由此可見，以「真實文學作品」作為「兒童華語文化教學」學習材料的研究仍有開發的空間。本研究從母語者與對外華語教材編寫設計原則之文化要素比對分析，發現「兒童小說」作為兒童文化教學教材的適用性。 為呼應本研究之研究問題：（一）文學作品如何融入兒童華語文化教學；（二）文學作品中有哪些面向適合作為文化教學內容；（三）如何由閱讀文學作品進行跨文化情意與溝通能力的培養。本研究將Moran（2009）體驗式學習循環（「理解內容」、「理解方法」、「理解原因」、「理解自我」）作為文化教學課程設計依據，並以兒童小說《修煉I》文本為例，系統地由小說文化主題選擇、小說文化細節詮釋與相互聯繫，以及相應的文化活動，詳細作一文化教學設計研究示範，以歸納出兒童小說文化課的教學脈絡，期能由此為文學作品作為華語文化教學的設計提供新的思索與實踐。

Motivated by the Chinese cultural learning needs of students at international schools in Taiwan, the purpose of this thesis is to explore the educational materials, cultural themes, and design of cultural activities suitable for teaching children Chinese culture. A literature review of recent scholarship on Chinese teaching for children reveals that current research mainly focuses on compilation and design of language teaching materials. Furthermore, the teaching materials that use literary works to teach aspects of Chinese culture are mostly designed for adults. Thus there is a gap in the research regarding use of authentic literary works as teaching material for Chinese culture teaching for children. This research compares and analyzes the cultural elements in the principles of compiling and designing Chinese language teaching materials for native speakers and foreigners, and finds that using 'children's novels' as children's cultural teaching materials can be an effective approach. The main questions of this thesis are as follows. (1) What are the steps to integrate literary works into children's Chinese culture teaching? (2) What aspects of literary works are suitable for cultural teaching content? (3) How is a culture course designed to improve intercultural competence and communication skills by reading literary works? This thesis uses Moran’s Experiential Learning Cycle ('knowing about', 'knowing how', 'knowing why', 'knowing oneself') as the basis for cultural teaching curriculum design and applies it to the children’s novel “Xiu Lian I”. We systemically identify the cultural themes of the novel, discuss the interpretation and interrelationship of the cultural details of the novel as well as corresponding cultural activities. This thesis provides a detailed demonstration of cultural teaching design, deduces the essence of using children’s novels in teaching culture, and provides new ideas and implementations of using literary work as an educational tool for teaching children Chinese culture.