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  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 文學院
  3. 戲劇學系
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/101141
Title: 愚者之旅,超人止境:論尼采、薩德與巴塔耶理論及作品中的超越之人
From the Fool to the Overman: Exploring Transcendence in Nietzsche, Sade, and Bataille
Authors: 劉心
Hsin Liu
Advisor: 林于湘
Yu-Shian Lin
Keyword: 超人,浪蕩子主宰者超越情色愛欲瘋狂
Übermensch,libertinsouverainself-overcomingtranscendenceeroticismdesiremadness
Publication Year : 2025
Degree: 碩士
Abstract: 在《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》(Thus Spoke Zarathustra)中,尼采(Friedrich Willhelm Nietzsche)提出的「超人」(Übermensch)學說震撼學界。同樣作為主流學術之異類,與尼采思想有所交纏的薩德侯爵(Marquis de Sade)和巴塔耶(Georges Bataille),也在各自的情色小說塑造主宰一切的超越之人,即「浪蕩子」(libertin)和「主宰者」(souverain)。

本論文將著重討論三位超越之人。首先,先個別替三位思想家的超越之人梳理理論定義。其次,探討三位思想家的文學性作品,如何反映他們對超越的追求,將以女性的塑造、身體完整性、主體的消解與再造中心,以及愛欲四個面向開展。不僅藉由互相比較超越之人,替「超人」、「浪蕩子」與「主宰者」形塑更全面和具體的形象,也檢視三位思想家的作品是否與理論互相呼應,抑或互相矛盾。

再者,三位思想家一生都蒙受「瘋人」之污名。儘管在三人所處時代,他們的瘋狂不容於世;但在「瘋人」的歷史淵源中,「瘋人」也曾作為人上人的「愚者」。本論文將以傅柯(Michel Foucault)的瘋狂研究切入,證實尼采、薩德與巴塔耶有如「聰明的愚人」,雖然非理性的瘋狂數度中斷他們的理性語言,但正是透過此斷裂,得以勾勒出超越之人的終極意義。

最後,本論文認為「超人」、「浪蕩子」與「主宰者」超越於人卻未構及神,止步於曖昧的邊界。然而,他們的超越性便是體現於此一曖昧邊界的「侷限」:超越之人對欲望、對痛苦或對命運的沉浸與超克,使其能夠直面攸關生命的真相,降下啟示和救贖。
This dissertation examines the transcendent subject in Nietzsche, Sade, and Bataille. Despite their chronological and doctrinal differences, these thinkers converge in constructing figures that confront and surpass the limits of the human condition: the “Übermensch,” the “libertin,” and the “souverain.”

Reading “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” as literature alongside Sade’s and Bataille’s erotic novels, the study traces intersections of eroticism, body politics, and power through four axes: the shaping of the feminine, the paradox of the immortal body, the subject’s dissolution and reconstitution, and the nexus of eros and death.

Drawing on Foucault’s archaeology of madness, the dissertation reframes the authors’ reputed “madness” not as pathology but as a deliberate strategy: rupture in rational discourse becomes the site where transcendent meaning emerges.

Ultimately, the “Übermensch,” the “libertin,” and the “souverain” do not attain divine apotheosis. Their transcendence lies at the threshold of human limits, realized through radical immersion in desire, unflinching confrontation with suffering, and affirmative embrace of tragic finitude. In remaining human, these figures reveal a paradoxically heightened mode of being and a novel understanding of transcendence.
URI: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/101141
DOI: 10.6342/NTU202504813
Fulltext Rights: 同意授權(全球公開)
metadata.dc.date.embargo-lift: 2026-01-30
Appears in Collections:戲劇學系

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