研究影響法國都會家庭採行以昆蟲為未來糧食的因素

Abstract

自 2021 年起，歐盟已將昆蟲基食品的生產、銷售與消費合法化。本質性研究透過深入訪談，探討影響法國家庭嘗試及採納此類產品的因素。性別扮演關鍵角色：男性普遍抗拒昆蟲食品，更偏好傳統肉類飲食，且對環境關注較低；相較之下，女性的生態意識較高，並對家庭環境影響承擔較大責任，因此展現出更開放的態度。教育程度亦是影響因素之一。受過較高教育的父母更重視飲食多樣性，較可能向子女介紹新型食品（包括昆蟲）；反之，教育程度較低的父母更注重便利性及子女的飲食偏好，並通常預期孩子會抗拒陌生食物。有機產品消費者對昆蟲食品持謹慎開放態度，而對有機標籤及加工食品持懷疑態度者則表現出不信任。偏好植物性蛋白的家庭較易接受昆蟲食品，而肉類攝取量較高的家庭則接受度較低。產品的呈現方式至關重要：若昆蟲成分被掩蓋，並類似於傳統食品，接受度較高。然而，人們對加工食品普遍存有強烈排斥心理，擔憂未知成分及潛在健康風險。口味與價格仍然是主要考量因素，特別是在通膨及有機產品價格較高的背景下。雖然生態與營養益處能夠提升接受度，但仍次於即時的飲食考量。部分家長從長遠角度出發，認為未來可能需要依賴昆蟲食品。強調本地生產、透明性及永續發展做法有助於提升信任感。有效的推廣策略應針對不同消費者類型，強調熟悉感，並減少對加工食品的疑慮，以促進永續飲食的推廣。

Insect-based products legalized for production, sale, and consumption in the European Union since 2021. Through in-depth interviews, this qualitative study aims to understand the factors influencing the willingness to try and adopt these products among French families. Gender plays a significant role: men generally resist insect-based foods, favor traditional meat diets, and show lower environmental concern, while women exhibit higher ecological awareness and feel a greater responsibility for their household’s environmental impact, fostering more openness. Education level also matters, with higher-educated parents valuing dietary diversity and being more likely to introduce their children to new foods, including insects. In contrast, those with lower education levels prioritize convenience and children’s preferences, often anticipating resistance to unfamiliar foods. Organic product consumers are cautiously open to insect-based foods, whereas skeptics of organic labels and processed foods express distrust. Families favoring plant-based proteins are more open to insect-based products, while high meat consumption negatively affects acceptance. Presentation is crucial: products that mask the insect origin and resemble familiar food categories are more accepted. However, there is a strong aversion to processed foods, with participants fearing unknown ingredients and potential health risks. Taste and price remain the primary considerations, heightened by inflation and the high cost of organic products. While ecological and nutritional benefits positively influence acceptance, they are secondary to immediate concerns. Parents' forward-looking perspectives highlight the potential future necessity of insect consumption. Emphasizing local production, transparency, and sustainable practices can enhance trust. Effective promotion must address these factors, tailoring strategies to diverse consumer profiles and emphasizing familiarity while mitigating fears of processed foods. sustainability.