文學生產與文本敘事：五〇年代香港反共小說研究

Abstract

自九〇年代以降，台灣文學研究者開始以重估或修正之姿，更周延地思考「反共文學」的複雜面貌。然而，倘若回到歷史現場，1949年作為國共內戰的關鍵時刻，事實上大量人員同時往台、港兩地移動，兩地文學場域亦隨之出現巨大變化。因此，若以上述台灣反共文學的重估史作為對照，將「五〇年代香港反共文學」視為獨立的研究範疇，其相關論述則仍亟待增補。

本論文以「文學生產」與「文本敘事」為座標，試圖處理反共小說此一文類在五〇年代香港文學場域中的生產模式、作品內容如何與「香港」闡連，又如何與反共理念彌合。首先，本文透過勾勒五〇年代香港反共文學生產空間的歷史面貌，指出在地緣政治局勢與讀者市場性格的影響下，不同位置的行動者在場域中充滿競逐、妥協、合流等力量，因而造就出一種「政治市場化」生產策略共識，復以「美援」與「（國民）黨援」兩個外在政治因素為切入點，爬梳反共文學作品的實際生產模式與情形。接續，本文透過分析黨營報刊《香港時報》的反共連載小說，探討文本敘事如何因地制宜而作出轉變，呈現一種「由顯入隱的過程」。此外，則是以美援民間出版機構「亞洲出版社」為觀察對象，窺探其中以香港為敘事空間的反共長篇小說，如何透過結合空間道德化與啟蒙敘事；以及透過呈現流亡者處身香港社會時所呈現的生命困境，形構出「香港」的一種側面，同時又以此嫁接反共思想。結合「外緣的文學生產」與「內緣的文學敘事」，本文最後意欲指出，反共小說儘管未必有意識地體認與建構本土，然而在無意識間展露的「香港特質」：一種「不為本土發聲的本土」，或許已悄然撬動本土思考的成規。

Since the 1990s, Taiwan literary researchers have begun to re-evaluate or revise the complexity of ‘anti-communist literature’. However, returning to the historical scene, the year of 1949 was a critical moment of the Chinese civil war. A large number of people in fact moved to Taiwan and Hong Kong, which led to a great change in the literary field of both places at the same time. Therefore, if we take the above-mentioned revaluation as a comparison, meanwhile regarding ‘Hong Kong's anti-communist literature’ as an independent field of study, obviously the relevant discussion of the latter still needs to be complemented.

Taking ‘literary production’ and ‘textual narrative’ as the coordinates, this paper attempts to deal with the mode of production of anti-communist fictions in Hong Kong literary field during the 1950s, and how the works are connected with ‘Hong Kong’ while harmonizing with the anti-communist thoughts. First of all, this paper outlines the overall landscape of the anti-communist literary production space in Hong Kong during the 1950s, pointing out that a result of ‘political marketisation’ is influenced by the geo-political situation and the personality of the readers' market in Hong Kong. After that, by using the two external political factors of ‘US aid’ and ‘KMT aid’, this paper collates the actual mode of production of the anti-communist literature, as well as how their contents were linked to “Hong Kong” and how they were integrated with anti-communist thoughts.

Next, this paper analyses the anti-communist serial novels in the party-run newspaper Hong Kong Times（《香港時報》）, in order to explore how the narrative style change according to the local contexts, presenting a ‘process from the visible to the invisible’. In addition, this paper takes the US-aided private publishing organisation ‘Asia Press’（亞洲出版社）as another example to observe how anti-communist fictions set in Hong Kong, through the combination of ‘spatial moralization’ and enlightenment narratives, as well as presenting the plight of the exiles, form a certain side of ‘Hong Kong’, while, once again, grafting on the anti-communist thoughts.

Overall, by combining the ‘exogenous’ (literary production) and the ‘endogenous’ (textual narrative) part, this paper aims to point out that although anti-communist fictions may not consciously recognise and construct the locality, but a kind of ‘dis-appearance’ of locality, which may still able to stimulate the possibilities of local thinking.