台灣史前玉器工藝：以平林遺址為例

Abstract

本論文為花蓮縣平林遺址所累積的地表調查研究成果及其相關研究。平林遺址位於花蓮縣萬榮鄉壽豐溪南岸，遺址年代約距今4,500至2,000年左右，為新石器時代中期至晚期的遺址。該遺址遺物以陶器與石器為主；其中石器又以豐富的玉器廢料為主，為研究台灣史前玉器最重要的玉作坊遺址。 本文分為三個部份：前三章為背景的介紹，包含相關文獻的研究回顧，整理全省的史前玉器相關資料試圖定義「玉器」；第三章分類描述該遺址所採集的各式遺物及相關結構；此外有對玉器礦物的研究顯示：「石之美者謂之玉」的定義並不適用於台灣。第四章討論玉器工藝行為與工序，為本文重點。藉著對玉器廢料的觀察與筆者親身的實驗，可以試圖還原與討論史前玉器工業的技術與工序。最後（第五章）藉由對工序的研究，可以延伸到幾項理論層次的討論，對玉器工藝與史前社會文化作嘗試性的相關研究。 本文綜合討論的部份，首先藉由理論間的對話，重新定義平林遺址的「作坊」性質的可能，重新論證該遺址為「作坊遺址」的邏輯。並藉由對工藝研究、區域互動的資料整理，對玉器在史前社會的定位暫時置於威望商品（prestige goods）之中；更進一步說明，對於該威望商品的技術導向，藉由考古學對專業化與區域互動的研究，重新討論區域間互動的模式，試圖打破目前單純以「史前文化」的互動關係，代之以更密切的「核心—邊陲」互動關係，看待史前東部的區域關係。

This thesis mainly aims to the study of the Pin-lin site, based on data obtained from the archaeological surface collections. The Pin-lin site is located on the south side of Shoufong river（壽豐溪）, Wanrung township（萬榮鄉） of Hualian county. The era of the site is about 4,500 ~ 2,000 B.P., the middle to late Neolithic age. The artefacts of the site are mainly shards and stone tools, and remains a lot of Jade wastes. The site is the most important Prehistoric Taiwan Jade industry workshop. This thesis devided to three prats. The first part remains includes chapter 1~3, decribes the backgrounds, the definition of Jade, and the artefacts of the Pin-lin site. The second part is chapter 4, discussed the Jade craft and the working process, and this is my key point. By observing and experiments, I will try to rebuild the prehistoric Jade craft and working process. In the end(Chapter 5), by studying the the working process, I will discuss some theoretical issues as my conclusion. In the part of integrated discussion(chapter 5), firstly, by discussing about the definition of specialization, I will argue the definition of prehistoric workshop. Secondly, by sorting the informations of prehistoric Jades, I put it as prestige goods, and re-discuss the relationship between Pei-nan Culture and Huaganshan Culture. I am convinced that the relationship between the two Cultures is as “core-periphery” interaction, and re-define the relationship between Neolithic Cultures in eastern Taiwan.