臺灣兒童參與權的落實–以兒童為主體的經驗研究

Abstract

兒童參與權作為國際兒童權利公約（CRC）所強調的核心權利之一，不僅被視為兒童權利的基石，更是確保其他權利得以實現的關鍵所在。本研究旨在探討臺灣兒童對參與權的主體經驗，以及其與生活環境及發展狀況的關聯。 透過結構方程模型（SEM）分析隨機抽樣台灣110所小學，3,793位六年級兒童的自我報告調查資料，本研究發現86%的臺灣兒童在家庭與學校的參與權實踐中呈現良好的主體經驗。研究進一步採用「過程–個體–情境–時間(PPCT)」理論模型分析，結果指出，兒童的主體經驗受到與父母、老師的關係、父母的教育程度以及城市環境等因素的影響，同時也受到兒童對參與權的認知和周遭環境氛圍的影響。具體而言，兒童若認為其所在環境重視兒童權利，則其參與權的主體經驗也越佳。 此外，本研究發現兒童的參與權主體經驗對其自信、自主性以及生活幸福感具有顯著影響。綜上所述，本研究不僅驗證了臺灣兒童參與權實踐的主體經驗，更提供了與其生態環境和自身福祉相關的實證資料，從而加深了我們對台灣兒童參與權落實的理解。 本研究之貢獻在於驗證了台灣兒童參與權實踐的主體經驗，並提供了與其生態環境和自身福祉相關的實證資料。研究結果顯示，兒童的主體經驗受到與父母、老師的關係、父母的教育程度以及城市環境等因素的影響，同時也受到兒童對參與權的認知和周遭環境氛圍的影響。此外，兒童的參與權主體經驗對其自信、自主性以及生活幸福感具有顯著影響。故此，大眾應更加注意兒童日常生活之參與落實。

Children's participation rights, emphasized as one of the core rights in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), are not only considered foundational to children's rights but also pivotal in ensuring the realization of other rights. This study aims to explore Taiwanese children's subjective experiences of participation rights and their correlation with their living environment and developmental status. Through the analysis of self-reported survey data from 3793 sixth-grade children in 110 randomly selected elementary schools in Taiwan using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study found that 86% of Taiwanese children exhibit positive subjective experiences of participation rights implementation within their families and schools. Further analysis employing the "Process-Person-Context-Time (PPCT)" theoretical model revealed that children's subjective experiences are influenced by factors such as their relationships with parents and teachers, parents' educational levels, and urban environments. Additionally, children's perceptions of participation rights and the surrounding environmental atmosphere also play significant roles. Specifically, when children perceive their environment as valuing children's rights, their subjective experiences of participation rights tend to be more positive. Moreover, this study found that children's subjective experiences of participation rights significantly impact their confidence, autonomy, and life satisfaction. In conclusion, this study not only verifies the subjective experiences of children's participation rights implementation in Taiwan but also provides empirical evidence related to their ecological environment and well-being. This contributes to a deeper understanding of the implementation of children's participation rights in Taiwan.