「必須保衛家庭」：家庭暴力刑事規制的考察與批判

Abstract

台灣在1998年通過家庭暴力防治法，引進民事保護令制度，普遍被認為是法入家門時代的來臨。主流意見普遍將民事保護令制度以及違反保護令罪的追訴與處罰所帶來的刑法管制擴張，理解為「法入家門」的轉向，也就是從過去國家法律為捍衛父權意識形態，以家庭自主與隱私的託辭縱容家庭暴力犯罪，在家暴法以後轉向對於家庭暴力採取否定的立場，民事保護令正是體現法律不再把家暴視為「家務事」，而是需求國家介入的公領域事務，不再讓家庭私領域成為暴力犯罪的化外之地，民事保護令則是國家控制與預防家暴犯罪的利器。

本論文借鏡治理性的分析視角考察台灣自1980年代末期家庭暴力問題化歷程，發現民事保護令的提倡，是在社福機構嘗試回應受暴婦女福祉需求的具體脈絡中出現，在提出當時發現保護服務網絡的福祉輸送與民法親屬編就婚姻與子女的規定，不足以回應受暴婦女的福祉需求。1996年開始被提倡的犯罪化政策，不再將家庭暴力單純視為被害人的福祉需求回應問題，而是需求刑事規制的犯罪問題，民事保護令也轉而成為在一般家庭仍然享有隱私性與自主性的前提下，家暴犯罪的主要公權力介入機制。

本文最後也將就家暴法中以民事保護令與違反保護令罪為核心的家暴刑事規制，提出整體性的政策與法制批判；作為總結，也將嘗試翻轉家庭暴力的「特殊性」概念，為台灣家暴防治政策與民事保護令制度提出初步的未來展望。

The passage of the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (DVPA) in 1998 marked a watershed moment in the fight for women’s and children’s rights. The prevailing view sees the civil protection order and the criminalization of domestic violence as pivotal in the transformation of the private family sphere, wherein the law mandates the prohibition of all forms of violence. The typical narrative unfolds as follows: In earlier times, the patriarchal state justified its non-intervention in domestic violence by invoking the notions of familial privacy and autonomy. With the implementation of DVPA, domestic violence ceased to be perceived as solely a family affair. The civil protection order and the criminal justice intervention worked to ensure that instances of domestic violence are not overlooked and perpetrators are held accountable.

This Thesis uses problematization analysis to explore the history of domestic violence criminalization in Taiwan. It underscores the emergence of the civil protection order as a response to the unmet social welfare needs of battered women due to insufficient shelter, economic resources, and biased family laws favoring husbands. As feminist groups began advocating for domestic violence to be treated as a criminal issue, civil protection orders evolved into a crime fighting mechanism, aimed at preventing and punishing offenses within the private family sphere. The initial aim of addressing the social welfare needs of battered women gradually faded. The thesis concludes by presenting criticisms of criminal justice intervention and offering suggestions for future pathways in domestic violence prevention policies.