從企業社會責任（CSR）和環境、社會與公司治理（ESG）角度探討臺灣企業職場健康促進方案與財務表現之關係

Abstract

研究背景： 隨著國際上永續的觀念日益盛行，越來越多投資人不僅僅是關心企業的獲利表現，也開始關心企業在社會責任上的貢獻，像是CSR （Corporate Social Responsibility）、ESG（E, Environmental 環境保護；S, Social 社會責任；G, Governance 公司治理）。若政府政策的制定能促使健康促進方案較少的企業規劃更多健康促進方案，一方面能增進全體國民的健康程度，另一方面企業也能受到正向循環的效益，增加其財務表現。 研究目的： 研究職場健康促進方案與公司財務表現有相關性，將可藉由企業力量制定更多有幫助的健康方案，提升員工健康，也讓企業能得到更佳的財務表現。 研究方法： 本研究使用台灣證券交易所的資料，將台灣500大企業視為本研究對象，抽樣其中200家企業發布的2019年CSR報告書做為資料來源。使用質性方法對CSR報告書進行內容分析，再使用量性方法統計各項健康促進方案、分析企業特性與企業財務表現的相關性。本研究使用SPSS統計軟體做統計分析，自變項為職場健康促進方案，其包含生理健康、心理健康、營養管理、健康管理等項目；依變項為各企業的稅後淨利是否大於平均值；企業種類、企業規模、企業總部所在地、是否為跨國企業為控制變項。 研究結果： 研究結果顯示職場健康促進方案總分與稅後淨利有正相關（B=0.41, p<0.01, OR=1.51, 95%CI[1.16, 1.97]），表示健康促進方案每增加1分，企業稅後淨利在平均值以上的勝算是WHPPs總分未增加1分時1.51倍。另外發現以職場健康促進方案的個別項目包括生理健康、心理健康、營養管理、健康管理，與企業稅後淨利進行相關性分析，生理健康（B=0.58, p<0.05, OR=1.78, 95%CI[0.99, 3.22]）、心理健康促進方案（B=1.54, p<0.01, OR=4.67, 95%CI[2.30, 9.46]）與稅後淨利是否在平均值以上有正相關，健康促進方案每增加1分，企業稅後淨利在平均值以上的勝算會高出1.78倍和4.67倍。 在控制變項的部分，當自變項為職場健康促進方案總分，較小型企業的稅後淨利在平均值以上的勝算，分別會少於大企業的勝算的88%（B=-2.09, p<0.01, OR=0.12, 95%CI[0.04, 0.37]）及96%（B=-3.11, p<0.01, OR=0.04, 95%CI[0.005, 0.49]）。除此之外，當自變項放入生理健康方案時，較小型的企業的稅後淨利在平均值以上的勝算，分別會少於大企業的勝算的88%（B=-2.11, p<0.01, OR=0.12, 95%CI[0.04, 0.36]）及95%（B=-3.08, p<0.01, OR=0.05, 95%CI[0.01, 0.44]）。當自變項為心理健康促進方案時，較小型的企業的稅後淨利在平均值以上的勝算，分別會少於大企業的勝算的91%（B=-2.42, p<0.001, OR=0.09, 95%CI[0.03, 0.31]）及96%（B=-3.15, p<0.01, OR=0.04, 95%CI[0.004, 0.51]）。另外在中部企業的稅後淨利在平均值以上的勝算，會少於北部企業勝算的92%（B=-2.56, p<0.05, OR=0.08, 95%CI[0.01, 0.87]）。 結論： 依本研究結果顯示，企業越投入CSR、ESG和職場健康促進方案，企業都會有更佳的財務表現，另外發現企業執行越多生理健康和心理健康的健康促進方案，與企業的財務表現有正向的相關。因此本研究在於政府政策推廣上，能提供一個方向促使更多企業加入健康促進方案的制定，讓企業得到更好的財務表現，也讓國人獲得更健康的生活。

Background: With the increasing prevalence of the international concept of sustainability, more and more investors are not only concerned about the profit performance of enterprises but also begin to care about the contribution of enterprises in social responsibilities, such as CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), ESG (E for Environmental Protection; S for Social Responsibility; G for Corporate Governance). If government policies can encourage companies with fewer health promotion programs to plan more health promotion programs, it can, on one hand, improve the health of all citizens and, on the other hand, enable companies to benefit from a positive cycle and increase their financial performance. Objective: Studying the correlation between worksite health promotion programs and company financial performance allows companies to leverage their influence in formulating more beneficial health programs. This, in turn, enhances employee health and enables companies to achieve better financial performance. Methods: This study utilizes data from the Taiwan Stock Exchange, considering Taiwan''s 500 largest companies as the research object. A sample of 200 of them, based on their 2019 CSR reports, serves as the data source. Qualitative methods are employed for content analysis on CSR reports, followed by quantitative methods to count various health promotion programs and analyze the correlation between corporate characteristics and financial performance. SPSS statistical software is used for the analysis. The independent variable is the worksite health promotion plan, including physical health, mental health, nutrition management, and health management. The dependent variable is whether the after-tax net profit of each enterprise is greater than the average. Control variables include the type of enterprise, size of the enterprise, location of the enterprise headquarters, and whether it is a multinational enterprise. Results: The results show a positive correlation between the total score of the health promotion program and after-tax net profit (B=0.41, p<0.01, OR=1.51, 95%CI[1.16, 1.97]). This means that for every 1-point difference in the health promotion program, the odds of a company''s after-tax net profit being above the average will be 1.51 times higher. Additionally, individual items of the worksite health promotion program, including physical health (B=0.58, p<0.05, OR=1.78, 95%CI[0.99, 3.22]), and mental health promotion programs (B=1.54, p<0.01, OR=4.67, 95%CI[2.30, 9.46]), are positively related to whether the net profit after tax is above the average. For every 1-point difference in these health promotion programs, the odds of a company''s after-tax net profit being above the average will be 1.78 times and 4.67 times higher, respectively. In the control variables section, when the independent variable is the total score of worksite health promotion programs, the odds for smaller companies with after-tax net profits above the average are respectively less than 88% of the odds for large companies (B=-2.09, p<0.01, OR=0.12, 95%CI[0.04, 0.37]) and 96% (B=-3.11, p<0.01, OR=0.04, 95%CI[0.005, 0.49]). Additionally, when the independent variables include the physical health plan, the odds of smaller companies'' after-tax net profits above the average will be less than 88% of the odds of large companies (B=-2.11, p<0.01, OR=0.12, 95%CI[0.04, 0.36]) and 95% (B=-3.08, p<0.01, OR=0.05, 95%CI[0.01, 0.44]). When the independent variable is a mental health promotion program, the odds of smaller companies with after-tax net profits above the average are respectively less than 91% of the odds of large companies (B=-2.42, p<0.001, OR=0.09, 95%CI[0.03, 0.31]) and 96% (B=-3.15, p<0.01, OR=0.04, 95%CI[0.004, 0.51]). Additionally, the odds for companies in the central region whose after-tax net profit is above the average are less than 92% of the odds for companies in the north (B=-2.56, p<0.05, OR=0.08, 95%CI[0.01, 0.87]). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, companies that invest more in CSR, ESG, and workplace health promotion programs tend to exhibit better financial performance. Additionally, it was observed that as companies implement more physical health and mental health promotion programs, there is a positive correlation with the financial performance of the companies. Therefore, this study contributes to government policy promotion by providing a direction that encourages more companies to participate in the formulation of health promotion programs. This not only enhances the financial performance of companies but also contributes to individuals leading healthier lives.