成為郊區：基隆郊區化與通勤政治

Abstract

本文探討郊區化與通勤之間的關係。我首先提出一個發問：基隆是怎麼成為通勤城市的？回顧基隆的郊區化歷程，基隆從建港開始經歷了不同時期的郊區化，一開始的郊區與基隆市中心連結，但在港埠經濟衰落後，轉為與台北連結。「通勤族」是基隆和台北兩股不同的郊區化動力特殊時空背景下的集結，在成為郊區的主要族群後，郊區政權出現以「快速連接台北」作為目標的「通勤政治」現象。通勤政治是一個動態的過程，源自通勤族對速度、直達、穩定移動的追求，而政治人物、客運業者等政權行動者的目標，即在消除城郊連結之間的阻礙。在快捷公車和安樂區9026路線危機的案例中，我們發現通勤政治當前運作方式遇到的困難：第一個問題是基隆郊區生活區域和行政區域錯位後，跨域治理的障礙，導致即使政權內部已有共識，仍無法推動政策；第二，在拆解移動性的意義後，發現雖然政權的目標仍是維護通勤族權益，但「移動性」被挪用為移動或想像，以納入當前的代議政治體制，通勤的實作者，如通勤族、客運司機，往往被排除在決策過程外，卻又站在第一線承擔連結中斷危機所帶來的衝擊。本文以通勤作為郊區研究和移動研究的介面，從通勤族的生活經驗和地方爭取交通建設的過程，理解郊區和通勤相互生成的關係。

This study explores the relationship between suburbanization and commuting. I firstly raised a question: How did Keelung become a “commuters’ city”? Reviewing the process of suburbanization in Keelung, it has undergone different periods of suburbanization since its port construction. Initially, the suburbs were connected to the central area of Keelung, but after the decline of the port economy, it shifted to being connected to Taipei. "Commuters" is an assemblage in a unique spatial-temporal context of two different suburbanization driving forces of Keelung and Taipei. After commuters became the main group in the suburb, a phenomenon which I called "commuting politics" with the goal of "rapidly connecting to Taipei" emerged in suburban governance. Commuting politics is a dynamic process, stemming from the pursuit of speed, directness, and stable movement by commuters. The goals of actors in the regime, such as politicians and bus operators, are to eliminate obstacles of connections between urban and suburban. In the case of the crisis in the express bus and the Anle District's 9026 route, we find difficulties in the current operation of commuting politics. The first problem is the mismatch between the living area and administrative area in Keelung's suburbs, leading to obstacles in cross-boundary governance, making it difficult to promote policies even with internal consensus within the authority. The second problem is that, after dismantling the meaning of “mobility” in the regime, we found mobility is used as a means of movement or imagination to fit into the current representative political system. Commuters and bus drivers, who are conducting mobility practices in the case, are often excluded from the decision-making process, but face the impact of the crisis of disconnections between urban and suburban. In conclusion, this article takes commuting as the interface of suburban studies and mobility studies. Through exploring the life experiences of commuters and the process of local transportation construction, we figure out the mutually-becoming relationship between suburbanization and commuting.