臺灣視覺藝術產業聘雇口譯員的紮根理論

Abstract

本研究旨在調查台灣視覺藝術產業聘雇口譯員時的考量。視覺藝術活動是台灣最受歡迎的文化活動之一，且有大量的國際藝術家或策展人參與其中，因此主辦方亦經常聘請口譯員來促進與會者間的交流。本研究以訪客研究、外包理論和口譯員的競爭力為理論框架，對台灣視覺藝術活動中的兩類工作人員進行訪談，藉此了解台灣視覺藝術產業的客戶在聘僱口譯員時重視哪些特質，又有哪些特質會使客戶想再次聘用曾經合作過的口譯員。本研究採訪了兩組受訪者，分別是（一）在台灣公私立視覺藝術機構服務的藝術行政人員及（二）為視覺藝術活動提供服務的口譯員。研究者於詳細分析資料後，歸納出台灣視覺藝術領域聘雇口譯員的紮根理論：初次聘僱時，口譯員的年齡與性別等指標（indices）並非客戶的考量，而「正式口譯訓練」及「藝術領域的工作經驗」則是可向客戶傳達正向訊號(signals)的背景特質（background attributes）。客戶要續聘曾經合作過的口譯員時，提升客戶合作意願的特質包含口譯員的「專業性」以及一系列的「個人特質」（臨場反應快、配合度高等）。若口譯員語句延遲、與講者互動尷尬、出現嚴重錯誤，則會影響客戶的續聘意願。在正式活動和隨行接待的場合中，客戶聘雇口譯員的考量不同。預算亦大幅影響客戶的聘僱決策。

This research aims to investigate how interpreters are recruited by Taiwan's visual art sector. Visual art events are one of the most popular cultural activities in Taiwan, and a great number of international artists or curators are involved in these events, so interpreters are often hired to facilitate communication among participants. Using visitor studies, outsourcing theories and interpreters' competences as theoretical frameworks, interviews were conducted with two groups of stakeholders in Taiwan's visual art events to understand which attributes of interpreters were prioritised when deciding whom among them to recruit and rehire. The stakeholders included: (1) art administrators working in both public and private visual art institutions in Taiwan, and (2) interpreters working in these events. Results were analysed to construct a grounded theory of how clients in Taiwan's visual art sector hire interpreters. It was found that indices like age and gender play no role in initial recruitment. Formal interpretation training and work experience in the art sector are two background attributes conveying positive signals to clients. For further collaboration, attributes signifying professionalism strengthen clients' inclination for rehiring. Personal characteristics like quick response time and flexibility reinforce clients' willingness for future collaboration. Unfavourable factors include delays in delivery, awkward interactions with speakers and evident errors. Distinct patterns emerge when hiring interpreters for more formal events and for escorting foreign artists or curators; financial considerations significantly impact clients' decisions.