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標題: | 探討紅龍果全果實萃取物預防高脂飲食誘導小鼠代謝症候群之功效 Exploring the effects of whole food-based dragon fruit extracts on metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced mice |
作者: | 林品萱 Pin-Xuan Lin |
指導教授: | 潘敏雄 Min-Hsiung Pan |
關鍵字: | 代謝症候群,肥胖,紅龍果,脂質代謝,腸道菌相,水溶性膳食纖維, Metabolic syndrome,Obesity,Dragon fruit,Lipid metabolism,Gut microbiota,Soluble dietary fiber, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 截至2020年,台灣的成年人中有 39.3% 男性與 30.3% 女性為代謝症候群患者,由此可見代謝症候群為我國重要的公共衛生議題,而肥胖是顯著與其關連性極強的影響因子,因此預防肥胖為國人重要面臨的問題。紅龍果 (Dragon fruit, DF) 為台灣大量種植的水果之一,近年來由於農民大量栽種,導致其盛產而價格下跌,因此增加其利用管道以提升其產值為有潛力開發之途徑。過往研究說明紅龍果具有預防肥胖相關疾病之潛力,然而其以紅龍果皮、果肉或用有機溶劑萃取有效成分造成環境汙染及副產物浪費問題。本研究開發一種低浪費的加工方式,將整顆紅龍果分成不同部分,將紅肉紅龍果整顆進行均質並過濾,其中無法過濾的物質為果渣 PO (Pomace of red dragon fruit),過濾出的液體進行離心,取上清液 RS (Supernatant of red dragon fruit juice) 及沉澱物 RP (Precipitate of red dragon fruit juice),此外也取白肉紅龍果之上清液 WS (Supernatant of white dragon fruit juice) 作為 RS 之對照。液體經過冷凍乾燥後,以絕對乾燥重量4:6比例加入玉米澱粉作為賦形劑。樣品進行成分分析並投入高脂飲食誘導之 60 隻C57BL/6雄性小鼠中,進行為期 20 週試驗,評估紅龍果萃取物是否具有減緩肥胖與代謝失調之功效。樣品分析結果顯示,紅龍果萃取物含有酚類物質、類黃酮、甜菜素及膳食纖維。在動物實驗結果中,肥胖相關表徵方面顯示,四組樣品介入組在不影響攝食量與每日總熱量攝取之下,皆顯著減少小鼠的白色脂肪重量與體脂率並改善血脂表現,其中,RP 顯著降低高脂飲食造成的體重上升,減少肝臟及脾臟重量與肝損傷指標 AST 及 ALT。肝臟脂質代謝方面,四組樣品皆降低肝臟中的脂質蓄積及促炎性細胞因子 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-17,而RP顯著增加脂質代謝相關蛋白質 SIRT1、pAMPK及pACC,並有提高PGC-1α 及 CPT1A 表現的趨勢,以減少肝臟脂肪生合成並提高脂肪酸β氧化。血糖平衡方面,RP 顯著降低 OGTT 曲線下面積,而其與 RS 同時有降低空腹血糖、血清胰島素與 HOMA-IR 趨勢。腸道菌相及短鏈脂肪酸方面,四組樣品皆重改變了小鼠的腸道菌相組成,其中,RP、PO 及 WS 提高與預防肥胖或短鏈脂肪酸生成相關的 Lactobacilus johnsonii 及 Limosilactobacillus reuteri,且顯著提高小鼠盲腸中的乙酸鹽含量,此外,RP 顯著減少了與肥胖正相關的 Erysipelotrichia、Erysipelotrichales、Faecalibaculum 及 Faecalibaculum rodentium,且與 RS 皆提高與肥胖具負相關或短鏈脂肪酸的產生菌 Dubosiella 及 Dubosiella newyorkensis。PO 及 WS 組中則發現能代謝生成短鏈脂肪酸之Akkermansia muciniphila。綜上所述,四組樣品透過樣品中醣類、膳食纖維、甜菜紅、甜菜黃、酚類物質與類黃酮等有效成分共同作用,調控小鼠的脂質代謝、血糖穩態、腸道菌相組成與短鏈脂肪酸,而對調控代謝紊亂有一定程度的正面效果。其中,RP 對預防代謝症候群與肥胖具有最顯著的功效,而其主要生物活性成分可能為水溶性膳食纖維,因此具有最佳開發成預防代謝症候群之功能性食品之潛力。 Until 2020, 39.3% of male and 30.3% of female Taiwanese adults were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, highlighting it as a significant public health issue in our country. Obesity is a major contributing factor strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, making obesity prevention a crucial concern for the population. Dragon fruit (Bradford), one of the extensively cultivated fruits in Taiwan, has the potential to be developed further to increase its value due to the abundance resulting from large-scale farming, which has caused a decline in prices. Previous studies have suggested the potential of dragon fruit to prevent obesity-related diseases. However, extracting effective components from dragon fruit peel and pulp and using organic solvents have raised concerns about environmental pollution and byproduct waste. In this study, a low-waste processing method was developed to divide the whole fructification of DF into different sections. The red flesh of dragon fruit was homogenized and filtered, yielding the pomace of red dragon fruit (PO) as the residual material. The filtered liquid was centrifuged to obtain the supernatant of red DF juice (RS) and red DF juice (RP) precipitate. Additionally, the white DF juice (WS) supernatant was used as a control for RS. The liquid materials would be mixed with corn starch as an excipient in a 4:6 ratio before lyophilizing, and the active ingredient was subsequently analyzed to evaluate the potential of dragon fruit extracts in preventing obesity and metabolic disorders. Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without DF supplements for 20 weeks. The results demonstrated that the extracts contained bioactive constituents such as phenolics, flavonoids, betalains, and dietary fiber. In the animal experiments, four test groups significantly reduced white adipose tissue weight and body fat percentage and improved lipid profiles in mice without affecting food intake and daily calorie consumption. Specifically, RP significantly reduced body weight gain caused by a high-fat diet, decreased liver and spleen weights, and liver damage indicators, such as AST and ALT. In terms of liver lipid metabolism, all four supplementations reduced lipid accumulation in the liver and pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17. RP increased the expression of lipid metabolism-related proteins, such as SIRT1, pAMPK, and pACC. Also, PGC-1α and CPT1A of the liver in RP were slightly lower than those in HFD group, reducing liver fat synthesis and enhancing fatty acid β-oxidation. Regarding blood glucose balance, RP significantly decreased the area under the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) curve. Furthermore, RP and RS showed a decreasing trend in fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR. In terms of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), all four sample groups modified the gut microbiota composition in mice. RP, PO, and WS increased the abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Limosilactobacillus reuteri associated with obesity prevention and SCFA production. Moreover, RP significantly reduced obesity-associated bacteria, such as Erysipelotrichia, Erysipelotrichales, Faecalibaculum, and Faecalibaculum rodentium, while increased Dubosiella and Dubosiella newyorkensis, which are negatively correlated with obesity or involved in SCFA production, similar to RS. PO and WS groups revealed the presence of Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacteria capable of metabolizing and producing SCFAs. In conclusion, the four DF groups exerted positive effects on lipid metabolism, blood glucose homeostasis, gut microbiota composition, and SCFAs through the combined action of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, betacyanins, betaxanthins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids present in the samples. Mainly, RP exhibited the most significant efficacy in preventing metabolic syndrome and obesity, possibly due to its soluble dietary fiber content. It is a promising candidate for developing functional foods targeting metabolic syndrome prevention. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/90552 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202302725 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(限校園內公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 食品科技研究所 |
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