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標題: | 梅峰地區冠羽書眉合作生殖之生態研究 The Ecology of Cooperative Breeding Taiwan Yuhinas (Yuhina brunneiceps)in Mayfeng Areas |
作者: | Sheng-Feng Shen 沈聖峰 |
出版年 : | 2002 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 摘要一: 1999年六月到2001年九月,我們在台灣中海拔台大梅峰實驗農場,研究棲地破碎對合作生殖冠羽畫眉族群動態與棲地選擇的影響。我們追蹤11到13群以彩色腳環個體辨識的繁殖群。我們以組成分析研究冠羽畫眉的棲地選擇,發現在可利用範圍中,冠羽畫眉偏好選擇道路與樹林作為95% kernel活動範圍,而在95% kernel活動範圍內實際利用地點時則偏好樹林與果園。我們以食物與巢位的角度,探討棲地選擇偏好的可能解釋,冠羽畫眉偏好選擇樹木為巢位(Manly-Chesson selectivity index=1.86),並且在95% home range中的食物密度(Prunus campanulata)也顯著高於vailable area中的食物密度(Marm-Whitney U test=15.000, P<0.0001, n=13 groups)。更詳細來看,冠羽畫眉傾向於選擇樹林邊緣(within 10 m to edge)作為築巢地點(Mann-Whitney U test=1154.500, P<0.000, n=74 ),而在樹林邊緣的食物也較豐富。然而冠羽畫眉有很高的巢失敗率(0.14?0.27, Mayfield nest success),而巢失敗的主因為被捕食。令人驚訝的是,我們的族群動態資料顯示此地的冠羽族群仍然屬於來源族群。我們的研究顯示,在面對各種不同的生態因數與物種組成的情形下,邊緣效應與棲地破碎化帶來的影響並非同質的棲地破碎化與邊緣效應的機制應該有進一步詳細的研究與探討。 摘要二: 冠羽畫眉是合作生殖的鳥類中,唯一發現有多對繁殖鳥共用一巢的燕雀目物種。我們在1999年六月到2001年九月,於台灣的中部山區進行冠羽畫眉共用一巢制演化適應性優缺點與孵蛋角色研究。在冠羽畫眉中,不論是在白天或是夜間均主要由最高位階母鳥進行主要的孵蛋工作,(白天母鳥孵蛋比例67%, n=27,夜間母鳥孵蛋比例73%, n=11), 此現象與公烏孵蛋假說並不相符。冠羽畫眉生活在亞熱帶巢捕食率高與颱風頻繁的高度變動環境之下,在適應性成分方面,較大繁殖群體的冠羽畫眉並沒有較高的巢成功率或幼鳥離巢率;然而除了最高位階公鳥之外,在大的群中(6-7隻),個體的存活率顯著高於其他較小群的個體,另外也我們發現越大群平均每一對烏在孵蛋與育雛的工作量也較低。此外,在繁殖速度方面,較大的繁殖群,築巢的速度與繁殖失敗後再度嘗試的速度,也比單對繁殖烏快;並且也佔有較大的領域與比較好的可能巢位、食物資源與樹木掩蔽。我們研究資料也顯示次位階,尤其是公烏有較高的機會變成最高位階繁殖鳥,這提供了次位階繁殖鳥的未來可能的直接利益,而吸引其留在群體之中。我們的研究顯示,共用一巢制可能與面對變動環境的分擔風險策略有關 Abstract Ⅰ: In 1999-2001, we study a cooperative breeding bird, Taiwan yuhina in a highly fragmented habitat in sub-tropic Taiwan. By following 11 and 13 individual banded breeding groups each year, we performed a multi-level study to explore the effects of habitat fragmentation in population as well as in individual level. In individual level, the compositional analysis of habitat selection shows that yuhinas selected road and tree most in 95% kernel home range vs. available area, and tree and fruit most in usage locations vs. 95% kernel home range level. Furthermore, the behavioral explanation of habitat selection in terms of nest site selection and food resource suggest that yuhinas selected tree most as nest sites (Manly-Chesson selectivity index=1.86) and significant higher food density (Prunus campanulata) in 95% home range than available area ((Mann-Whitney U test=15.000, P<0.0001, n=13 groups). In further detail, yuhinas selected edge tree (within 10 m to edge) as nest sites (Mann-Whitney U test=1154.500, P<0.000, n=74), and food resources are more abundant in the edge tree. However, yuhinas incurred very high nest failure rate (0.14?0.27, Mayfield nest success) mainly caused by predation. Surprisingly, our demographic studies showed that this population was still the source population. yuhinas have several adaptations to high nest failure rate like multiple breeding and load-lightening strategy by cooperative breeding. Our study supports that effects of edges and fragmentation are not homogeneous. The mechanisms of those effects in different ecological contexts and species should be studied more detail. Abstract Ⅱ: We studied Taiwan yuhinas(Yuhina brunneiceps),the only found passerine with frequen joint-nesting behaviors, to study the male incubation hypothesis and the costs and benefits of joint-nesting behavior in the mountains of central Taiwan, from June 1999 to September 2001. Alpha females took the major incubation works in both diurnal (67%, n=27) and nocturnal (73%, n=11) incubations, which didn't fit the male incubation hypothesis. Yuhinas inhabited in a sub-tropic fluctuating environment with high nest predation and frequent typhoons. In the aspects of fitness components, larger groups did not have higher nest success rates or more fledglings. Instead, they reduced their investment to single nest attempt by laying fewer eggs in one nest, lightening the work loads of incubation and provision in joint-nesting groups. Individuals, except alpha males, in larger groups had higher survival probabilities, especially for the females who lightened the incubation works in larger groups. Larger groups could also build nests and renest faster than solitary pairs and have better home ranges in terms of possible nests site, food and tree covers. Therefore, the joint-nesting behavior was possibly benefit from bet-hedging strategies in the fluctuating environment. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75297 |
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