性別差距縮小與壽險需求之關聯性

Abstract

除了人口結構及經濟指標的因素之外，研究者不斷找尋是否有其他因素影響壽險發展；兩性平權推動迄今可以說是有史以來兩性最接近平等的時刻，具備風險趨避及利他主義的特質使得女性一直是壽險主要消費族群之一，為了探究壽險發展與性別差距縮小之間的關聯性，本文使用2006年至2017年之世界經濟論壇的全球性別差距指數，瑞士再保險公司sigma期刊的保險密度、保費收入和保險滲透率等資料，對全球92個國家進行固定效果之追蹤資料迴歸分析，實證結果發現性別差距縮小對保險密度存在顯著正面之關聯性，其中，在經濟參與和機會方面，無法在事前預測性別差距縮小與壽險密度為正面或負面之關聯性；在教育程度方面，性別差距縮小與壽險密度存在顯著之正面關聯性；在健康與生存方面，性別差距縮小與壽險密度存在顯著之負面關聯性；在政治賦權方面，性別差距縮小與壽險密度亦存在顯著之正面關聯性；在先進國家性別差距縮小對壽險密度有更大幅度的提升效果。整體而言，女性在經濟、教育、健康及政治方面與男性的差距縮小有助於人壽保險之正面發展。

Other than demographics and economic factors,researchers have been searching for other factors which influence the life insurance development. At present, the equality of the sexes has reached a pinnacle. Women account for one of the most important consumers of life insurance as women are known for altruistic and risk aversion behaviors. To study the correlation of life insurance industry's development and the diminishing inequality, this thesis has referenced the gender gap report of World Economic Forum from 2006-2017; Swiss Re Sigma’s insurance density, life insurance premium and life insurance penetration rate; regression analysis of panel data and fixed effects of world’s 92 economies. Findings suggest that the diminishing gender gap has a positive correlation with insurance density. Regarding the economic participation and opportunity aspect, we cannot predict that diminishing gender gap has a positive or negative correlation with life insurance density. As for the education level aspect, significant positive correlation exists between the diminishing gender gap and insurance density. For health and well-being aspect, significant negative correlation exists between the diminishing gender gap and insurance density. As for the political aspect, significant positive correlation exists between the diminishing gender gap and insurance density. To a advanced economy, the diminishing gender gap has even more significant effect on the increase of insurance density. Over all, the diminishing gender gap between men and women has a positive effect on the life insurance industry in term of economy, education, health and politics.