八尺門之後：國宅空間與都市部落的共生

Abstract

自1960年代，開始有花東地區的阿美族人移居基隆，以廢棄船板自行在八尺門地區興建房舍居住，由於該地段依法不得建築，其房舍曾多次遭市府強制拆除。經過多年協商，1989年基隆市政府遂於原地擬定「海濱國宅」興建方案，1995年落成並由原居民承購移住。本研究以海濱國宅及寓居於其中的阿美族居民為研究對象，不同於多數都市原住民研究聚焦的河岸部落，海濱國宅的居民經歷了生活地景的大幅變遷，涉及了空間、物質與制度面向的變化。本研究欲細究的問題是：人群如何在這裡共同生活，又與這些物質要素共同建構出什麼樣的社會關係與倫理想像？ 海濱國宅的誕生是都市規劃、住宅政策，以及原住民政策等不同治理力量的交匯，本研究關注這些力量如何在實在的地方發生作用。綜合地圖、報章雜誌、政府公文與議會紀錄等歷史材料的爬梳，以及奠基於田野調查的民族誌書寫，我將從三個層次說明海濱國宅的物質特性如何交織在新的社會關係與社群想像之中。其一說明受國宅影響最直接而劇烈的「家戶」單位以及「家」的社會－物質特性；其二討論由國宅周圍的種植與採集用地開展出來，連結了人與非人的異質網絡；其三則著重在都市豐年祭作為一種生產地方性的過程，討論「都市部落」這種地方社群想像的生成。從這些分析中，可以看見國宅帶來的物質、空間與制度變遷如何與居民的社會關係相互交織及建構。

My thesis focuses on Haibing public housing and the Pancah/Amis live there, revealing the social relations the inhabitants co-constructed with the material factors of the public housing. Indigenous people from eastern Taiwan have moved to urban areas in northern Taiwan since 1960s. Some of the Pangcah/Amis occupied the land on Bachimen, the peripheries of Keelung. With years of eviction and negotiation, residents reached an agreement on public housing project with the city government. Haibing public housing was completed in 1995, and most of the former residents moved in to the five-story apartments. Haibing public houing was born under different structural and institutional powers, including urban planning, public housing policy, and the governance on indegenious people. I focus on how these powers enact in substantial places. I analyze how the materialities of Haibing public housing was interwiving in the new social relations and the imaginaries of communities in three different aspects. First, I focus on households and the socio-materiality of home. Second, I analyze the heterogeneous network of human and non-human, which developed out from the planting/gathering patches around the public housing. Lastly, I focus on the urban illisin as a process of the production of locality, discussing the emergence of the imaginary of the community of 'urban niyaro.' With the results above, I argue that the material, spatial and institutional changes of public housing was interwiving and co-constructing with the social relations of the residents.