新聞再現分析：空服員性別與專業之個案研究

Abstract

「空服員」職業由於以女性工作者居多，致使社會及媒體將此職業與女性特質做強烈連結，不斷刻板印象化，甚至性感化。2016年六月底，國內空服員發動台灣史上第一場空服員罷工行動，爭取勞動權益，卻被社會與媒體形容為史上顏值最高、最美最香的罷工團體。曾幾何時，性別特質模糊了空服員的專業，讓大眾忽略空服員也具勞工身份？忽略空服員職業的專業性。基於此問題意識，本論文採用內容分析與深度訪談法，研究目的旨在探究國內四大新聞媒體：《中國時報》、《自由時報》、《聯合報》、《蘋果日報》，檢視空服員相關報導是否再現性別刻板印象，以及透過與空服員深度訪談，凸顯空服員的專業性，並探討兩性在社會及媒體影響下的想法與感受。 本論文透過資料分析，歸納出以下結果：一、新聞媒體塑造空服員勵志溫馨形象，仍再現性別刻板印象。二、性別受制度性權力結構影響，女性比男性更積極尋求權力策略。三、空服員年資越高，展現勞動的專業程度也越高。研究結果說明，社會建構的性別意識形態已深植人心，性別現象亦仍充斥在媒體、社會與空服員職場中。空服員的專業除了安全技術外，空服員平時展現的勞務工作雖被視為理所當然，卻隱藏著許多專業技巧與能力，在資深空服員身上尤能呈現。

Since the flight attendants are considered as female-dominated occupation, society and media have established a strong connection between this occupation and femininity, with constantly stereotypes and even sexualizing. At the end of June in 2016, Taiwanese flight attendants called the first-ever strike for their labor rights and benefits; and the strike group has been described as the most beautiful and fragrant group ever by the society and media in Taiwan. Gender characteristics have obscured the profession of flight attendants, therefore the public ignores the status of labor and specialty of flight attendants. Based on content analysis and in-depth interview, this research aims to review whether gender stereotypes have been represented in the news coverages of four major newspapers in Taiwan: “China Times”, “The Liberty Times”, “United Daily News” and “Apple Daily News” which related with flight attendants. The research also highlights the specialty of flight attendants and discusses the ideas and feelings of both genders under the influence of society and media. This paper concludes with the following results: First, news media creates the flight attendants with inspirational and warm image, but it still represents the gender stereotype. Second, gender is affected by structure of institutional power, females are more active to seek power strategies than males. Third, the higher seniority of flight attendants is, the higher level of specialty will be showed. The research shows that the gender ideology constructed by society has been deeply remained in people’s mind; moreover, the gender stereotyping phenomenon is still spreading in media, society and flight attendants’ workplace. The specialty of flight attendants shows not only on safety control, but also on daily working process that is usually considered as routine work. In fact, daily working process contains many professional skills and abilities, especially for senior flight attendants.