政府部門執勤犬之法制研究

Abstract

本論文以「政府部門執勤犬」為中心展開討論，執勤犬在我國之使用已行之多年，惟並未吸引太多注意，在法律上的討論更是屈指可數，本論文係從不同面向研究執勤犬之使用上若干與人民權利及動物福利相關之法律問題。 本論文主要探討之議題有三，其一為政府部門執勤犬執勤行為之法律性質，本文分就執勤行為中常見之「嗅聞」及「撲咬」行為，以美國法之案例、規範及學說討論為參照對象，探討其在我國法上之意義，以及對於執勤犬所造成之損害人民如何進行救濟，並提出建立執勤犬使用規範之想法，希望可預先防範日後可能產生之爭議。其二為政府部門執勤犬之組織編制，透過梳理現行各類政府部門執勤犬之組織編制，找出其中漏洞並提出解決方案。其三則係以「動物保護」之角度為出發點，分析政府部門執勤犬制度與動物福利保護間之衝突，並分就執勤犬使用之供應來源、照護、訓練執勤、退役終老……等過程，審視目前法律規範是否足以提供執勤犬應有的保護，並提出具體法規修改建議，充實現行相關之動物保護規範。 透過以上三種不同角度之分析檢討，本論文希冀能夠建立有關政府部門執勤犬之法制度圖像，使執勤犬之使用有法可循，並能同時保障人民權利及執勤犬之動物福利。

Although governmental working canines have been used for years, they receive little attention, not to mention the discussion in the legal field. This thesis aims to research the employment of governmental working canines and the legal issues of human rights and animal welfare arising from it. This thesis focuses on three aspects. First, the legal characteristic of the law enforcement duties performed by governmental working canines. The thesis looks into the two main duties— ‘sniff’ and ‘bite’— and uses cases, regulations and academic articles in the U.S.A. for reference. Secondly, the organizational structure of governmental working canines. By researching the present organizational structures of governmental working canines in all government agencies, the essay seeks to find the defects in them and propose solutions. Thirdly, the conflict between the system designed for governmental working canines and animal welfare. This thesis, from the perspective of animal protection, analyzes whether the current systems— including the source of supply, care, training, employment and retirement of governmental working canines— are sufficient in providing protection to the canines. Specific suggestions are made to amend the current systems to enhance protection. Through the analyses and reviews of the above mentioned three angles, this thesis aims to establish an image of the legal system of government working canines so that there are clear rules for government agencies to follow. Furthermore, these rules can serve to safeguard human rights and increase the welfare of governmental working canines, too.