台日民眾關心梯田保育觀念差異之比較研究 −以貢寮區和美咲町為例

Abstract

近年來，隨著增加梯田稻田的廢棄耕地，日本與台灣針對梯田實行了各種保護活動。本研究首先總結國家所實施的措施，並且向台灣和日本的直接與不直接參與梯田活動的人們進行了訪問。接著，從訪問資料去探討兩國於梯田保護方面，公眾關注的差異，最後提出未來保護活動的建議與取向。本研究發現台灣保護梯田的活動著重在生態因素方面，台灣公眾也對生態保育感到興趣。日本的努力則集中在景觀保護方面，日本公眾也同樣地尋求梯田的美麗風景。如此，各國的活動方針與人們的要求之間具有一致性。除此之外，日本有許多仍保留梯田的地區，這些地區之間的競爭對農民保護梯田的動機產生了正面影響。另一方面，台灣仍然需要全國的所有的水稻梯田合作，藉此使民眾對梯田保護產生更多的興趣。此外，本論文發現在台灣政府、基金會、農民共同保護梯田。相對的，日本的農民卻遵行著國家的行政管理。因此筆者建議日本也與台灣一樣，將來應該建立另外獨立的組織。

Currently, various conservation activities are carried out in Japan and Taiwan because abandoned arable lands of terraced paddy fields have increased. This research summarizes national initiatives to date and then interviews people who are directly involved in rice terraces and people who are not directly involved in the rice terraces in both countries. This study clarifies the differences in public concerns of terraced paddy field conservation between the two countries and proposes activities to conserve terraced paddies of the future. It was found that the efforts to conserve terraced paddy fields in Taiwan focus on ecological factors and people are also interested in them. On the other hand, the efforts tend to focus on the beauty of the landscape in Japan, and Japanese people also seek it. Therefore, although there are different concerns for rice terraces, the two countries have already met the people's demands. Furthermore, in Japan, where there are relatively many areas with rice terraces, competition between the areas has a positive effect on the motivation, beautiful sceneries, of people's conservation activities. On the other hand, in Taiwan, it is effective to cooperate with all the rice terraces in the country and make Taiwanese people become interested in the whole nature conservation of rice terraces. In addition, the government, the foundation, and the farmers work together to conserve rice terraces in Taiwan (Bottom-up type).On the other hand, farmers follow the government and town hall in Japan. (Top-down type)This paper proposes that in Japan, as in Taiwan, a separate organization besides administration such as foundation should be established.