敘事作為歷史：公元1126年姚平仲劫寨事件

Abstract

本論文之問題關注焦點為歷史書寫中的敘事性（Narrativity），並以南宋前期解釋姚平仲劫寨的敘事文本作為研究對象。藉由歷史敘事的視角，閱讀、分析這些收錄在《三朝北盟會編》之中以及《東都事略》等有關姚平仲劫寨的敘事文本，並透過這些歷史敘事文本，帶進晚近歷史哲學領域中有關歷史敘事無法驗證的真實宣稱所造成的爭議。本文以融貫敘事（coherent narrative）的敘事操作概念，連接貫穿兩個看似不同層面的問題：其一，從這些圍繞著同一起事件但言人人殊的姚平仲劫寨歷史敘事為出發點，本文討論宋代當代史書寫實踐中所隱含的憂慮，說明南宋歷史書寫中等待有朝一日達成融貫敘事的「成書」期盼，以及官方史學編纂的相關難處；其二，在歷史敘事的爭議方面，本文取徑於融貫論立場（Coherentism），借重Michael Oakeshott的歷史經驗論，說明歷史之真實並不在無法驗證的歷史實際，而在給定歷史敘事之間的融貫性上，嘗試回應、鬆綁一九五０至七０年代之間歷史敘事真實性所深陷的兩難糾纏。

This thesis homes in on narrativity in historiography, especially that of Sung dynasty. Through narratology glasses, the essay reads and analyzes a total of five historical texts before 1194 C.E. explaining the event of Yao P’ing-Chung’s 姚平仲 raid during Jingkang Incident 靖康之難, each of them told somewhat different story about Yao’s butched raid; Meanwhile, it attempts to present, with these narratives, an old dilemma in the field of philosophy of history, a dilemma concerning the unfalsifiability of truth-claim that historical narratives assumingly entail. Deploying the idea of “coherent narrative,” the essay not only illustrates Sung historical apprehension, historical writing tradition, and official historiography in which Yao’s narratives resided or joined, but also ventures upon tackling the dilemma by adapting Michael Oakeshott’s historical Coherentism as a prospective strategic solution.