毫米波之異質接面雙極性電晶體放大器與二極體混波器製作和晶片天線量測方法

Abstract

本論文主要分三個部份，第一個部分是毫米波鏡像消除式混頻器。第二部份，是關於毫米波異質接面雙極性電晶體放大器。第三部分，是毫米波晶片天線的量測架設。 第一部分為毫米波混頻器的研製，內容為應用於天文觀測的W頻段鏡像消除式混頻器。由於鏡像消除式混頻器電路係使用藍基耦合器產生90°相位，而此藍基耦合器所產生的兩路訊號相位及增益差會影響鏡像信號消除的程度。現今實現藍基耦合器的方式在高頻的情況下，會產生嚴重的增益及相位落差。於是本論文使用一種新的藍基耦合器，於高頻的增益及相位誤差可達成比以往文獻發表的藍基耦合器還要接近理想值，也因此殘留的鏡像信號較一般藍基耦合器還低。 第二部分為異質接面雙極性電晶體設計於D頻段的放大器。近年來發表於D頻段的文獻不多，因此本論文研製此放大器，希望能以130-GHz為電路設計的中心頻、頻寬設計為20 GHz，在此頻段達到好的放大增益，並克服量測上的障礙量到此電路的小訊號參數。 第三部分為毫米波晶片天線量測架設。現今發表文獻關於晶片天線量測有部分的探討，但不是成本過高就是礙於儀器設備或架設方式，導致量測到的角度有限，因此，此論文提供一種可得到較寬角度的量測方式，除了所需設備較少，量測得到的數據也不失精準度。

This thesis consists of three parts. First part is millimeter-wave mixers included image rejection mixer. Second part is a HBT amplifier. Third part is millimeter-wave chip antenna measurement and setup. In this thesis, first part is to design a W-band image rejection mixer for astronomy application. It is composed of a 90° Lange coupler in image rejection mixer. The phase error and gain imbalance of Lange coupler will dominate the elimination of image signal. However, for conventional Lange couplers, it is hard to get perfect consistency both in gain and phase performance especially in high frequency. Therefore, by modifying the layout of the conventional Lange coupler which is applied in a MMIC W-band image reject mixer, the performance of image rejection is improved. The second part is to implement a D-band HBT amplifier. To design high gain in this band is main purpose. Third part is millimeter-wave chip antenna measurement and setup. A low cost measurement approach is proposed to measure the antenna performances. The measured angle is wider than that of the conventional approach with better accuracy.