應用圖型物件於施工管理之探討 -以高科技廠房預鑄工法為例

Abstract

高科技廠房營建工程具有興建工期短、動員人數多、材料用量多、界面複雜之特性，在整體專案進行中，界面資訊之傳遞和溝通，對於進度與成本具有極大影響。在施工管理中，精實營建(Lean Construction)提出因為無效率、錯誤、延遲及不良溝通上衍生出的工程問題，造成30%的營建成本浪費在人力與材料上，所以為了後續施工階段減少浪費，降低風險，本研究運用4D視覺化模型有效提供空間資訊傳達、模擬、評估、互動之特性，例如過往研究曾以視覺化方式管理空間衝突及模擬施工困難處等，但是國內使用4D技術大部分用於設計展示，對於實際施工管理應用並無效益。 本研究目的為運用圖型物件，落實4D視覺化技術於工地管理，並且符合精實營建理論之概念，研究範圍為施工管理，本研究流程如下：（一）建立以4D圖型為主的WBS(Work Breakdown Structure)，稱為OBWBS (Object Block Work Breakdown Structure)，以利定義專案中包商施作的作業項目之圖型。（二）規劃包商施工流程（三）將OBWBS所分類的圖型連結專案施工流程，進行4D模擬。而本研究模型應用可模擬工作流程以管理包商，利用4D模型比對現地進度，並且增進溝通與決策之效益，使得4D視覺化模型應用更具有實質的效益。

The features of High-tech factory construction project include tight construction duration, numerous mobilization, high-volume of materials, and complexity of interfaces. In the overall project, the cost and the progress of construction are seriously affected by transmission of interface information. According to Lean Construction Institute theory, due to inefficiency, errors, delay, and communications, 30% of the construction cost are wasted on manpower and material. Therefore, in order to reduce waste and risk in project planning and construction , this research intends to use 4D visualized model to facilitate the transmission interface of information. The purpose of this research aims to apply 4D visualized technology for facilitating construction site management and in line with the theory of Lean Construction concepts. The research project focuses on construction management, and its research process is as follows: the first step is to establish a Work Breakdwon Structure (WBS) based on 4D image, known as Object Block Work Breakdown Structure (OBWBS), which is advantageous to define images in the working items operated by the contractor of the project. The second step is to plan the construction process of contractors. Finally the images classified by OBWBS are linked to construction project process and carried out 4D simulation. Consequently, this 4D visualized model can be applied to simulate working process for various contrators work. Meanwhile, it can be used to verify how far is between the current stage and the ultimate result. The model can surely improve communication and efficiency of decision making.