台灣鋰離子二次電池發展之策略研究

Abstract

台灣充電式鋰電池經過約10年的時間，約有十家以上公司投資發展，包括統一集團、台塑集團、台泥集團、華新麗華集團、半導體集團、台達電集團、鴻海集團…等，投入超過200億台幣，而目前能夠獲利的廠家在上、中游原料廠及電池廠寥寥可數，但是在下游廠家有一半以上獲利可觀，本論文特別探討技術高的上、中游無法獲利及技術性較低的下游組裝廠獲利高之策略原因。 研究方法將採用波特產業分析四大步驟進行，情報蒐集、產品技術評估、競爭策略分析、新事業評估。而我們對於蒐集好的資料從三層次：總體層次、產業層次、企業層次來進行分析，主要以波特五力模型，其中價值鏈分析及SWOT分析，針對上、中、下游產業及產品種類進行交叉比對，找出其差異化及競爭力的能力。 結果顯示，鋰二次電池產業現在及未來皆有相當大的商機，目前以3C為主的產品，以ODM的差異化競爭將是重要策略及關鍵勝負的因素，另外在未來大電池之電源需求產業，包括太陽能儲電、風力儲電、電動車、UPS不斷電電源，需有強烈價值鏈之上、中、下游的整合，將使台灣創造出另一個重要產業-能源產業。

There were over ten companies invest into the rechargeable lithium ion battery industry in the recent ten years, including President, Formosa Plastic, Taiwan Cement, Walsin Lihwa, Delta Electronics, Foxconn, some semiconductor industry groups and etc. By observing these material and battery companies, it seems that only few company of upstream and midstream industry can earn profit, but there were over half of down stream industry companies earn lots of profit. In this article, I am going to discuss the reason and the strategy of the high difficulty technique upstream and midstream industries which can not earn profit and the low difficulty technique downstream packing industries which make considerable profits. Porter Industry Analysis Method is used in this research, the steps are: information collection, product technology evaluation, competitive strategy analysis and new industry evaluation. We analyze the information by three levels: corporate level, industry level and firm level, mainly use Porter Five-Force Model especially value chain analysis and SWOT analysis to cross match the product of upstream, midstream and downstream, try to find out the differentiation and capability of competition. The results show that there are going to be lots of commercial chances in the lithium secondary industry present now and also in the future. 3C products and ODM differentiation competitions are the important strategies and successful key points. Otherwise, the industry of high power requirement such as solar and wind electric storage, electric vehicle and UPS electric system need strong value chain of upstream, midstream and downstream integration, then create a important industry—Power Source Industry in Taiwan.