機車廢氣懸浮微粒對於人類臍帶靜脈內皮細胞細胞黏著分子表現的影響

Abstract

許多研究指出空氣污染與呼吸系統及心血管疾病的發生和致死有關，其中空氣污染物中的懸浮微粒污染影響最為嚴重，亦是一個最廣為研究的題材，在台灣由燃燒汽油的機車引擎所產生的懸浮微粒對於空氣污染的貢獻甚鉅，依據前人的研究並顯示機車廢氣懸浮微粒確實會造成許多肺部傷害，其中更包括了發炎反應的發生，由於細胞黏著分子對於發炎反應的發生扮演著一關鍵性的角色，但是在機車廢氣懸浮微粒所造成的發炎反應相關研究中，對於細胞黏著分子的研究卻很缺乏，因此本篇論文將對此作深入的研究與探討。 實驗動物以氣管滴入法給予機車廢氣懸浮微粒24小時後，即能夠明顯的觀察到肺部中細胞黏著分子ICAM-1蛋白表現增加，而在細胞層次中發現機車廢氣懸浮微粒會使第二型肺上皮細胞與內皮細胞的黏著分子表現增加，其中抗氧化劑或NF-κB抑制劑都能有效預防廢氣懸浮微粒所造成的影響，故推測機制可能是對細胞造成氧化壓力促使NF-κB活化而導致。並且利用純黑碳微粒與多環芳香烴類來探討廢氣懸浮微粒所造成的影響成分為何，結果發現黑碳微粒和多環芳香烴中的benzo[a]pyrene與chrysene具有和MEP相類似的影響與反應，推估這三種成分在MEP所造成的發炎反應中應佔有著一定的地位。

In lots of studies, air pollution has been linked to increasing rates of mortality and morbidity in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Particulate matters were the most major source and has been study extensively. In Taiwan, the motorcycle engine exhausts were considered to produce majority of particulate matters in air pollution. Previous studies showed that motorcycle exhaust particle caused many lung injuries including inflammatory responses. The cell adhesion molecules play a crucial role in the inflammatory responses. Little study on the correlation of motorcycle exhaust particles and cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory responses was conducted. In this study, after 24 hours motorcycle exhaust particles administered by intratracheal instillation, the cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was significantly increased in the lung of mouse. In vitro study, motorcycle exhaust particles caused cell adhesion molecules increase in type II lung epithelial cell and endothelial cell. At molecular level, motorcycle exhaust particles treatment caused the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Both the expression of cell adhesion molecules and NF-κB activation could be inhibited by antioxidant and NF-κB inhibitor. It suggest that motorcycle exhaust particles induced cell adhesion molecules expression through NF-κB signaling pathway activated by oxidative stress. The major composition of exhaust particular matter like motorcycle exhaust particle is carbon black core, it surround by inorganic salt, mineral heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In following experiment, we use carbon blacks and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to distinguish the major component of motorcycle exhaust particles was take effect. As the results, carbon blacks, chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene had similar effect on ICAM-1 regulation with motorcycle exhaust particles. It was supposed that three of them had an important role in motorcycle exhaust particles caused inflammatory response.