以多目標規劃探討我國電動車之充電服務方式

Abstract

考量電動車使用者面對充電需求所需決策及不同充電服務商的競爭關係，本研究在特定充電需求情況下，採用一多目標規劃數學模型，探討電動車充電時間、充電費用、服務商收益三個目標的最佳化。透過合乎實情參數的收集以及Lingo軟體的求解，該模型可讓我們獲得服務商所提供充電站在不同目標考量下之使用變化率，也可讓我們依據參數敏感度分析結果，向服務商解釋商業上的意涵，並提出管理上的建議。本研究特別藉由情境模擬，探討台北市當前電動車使用者與充電服務商之互動關係。數值模擬分析結果顯示，如僅考量電動車充電時間、充電費用、服務商收益等單一目標時，將使充電站使用率集中於具有特定競爭優勢的服務商，無法反應電動車使用者在面對充電需求時的不同選擇；採用多目標規劃數學模型分析的結果，可讓充電服務商在使用者充電需求時，能透過適當策略與充電功率的提升，有效增加充電站的使用率。

Taking into account the charging demand of electric vehicle users and the competition among charging service providers, this study proposes a model based on multi-objective programming to explore the optimization problem of charge time, charge cost and profit of service provider under the constraint of a specific charge demand. Through the collection of actual parametric values and the solution of Lingo software, the model allows us to obtain the occupation rate of all charge stations of service providers in consideration of various objectives. It also allows us to explain to the service provider the business insights and management suggestions based on analytical results. In particular, this study uses scenario simulation to explore the relation between electric vehicle users and charge-service providers in Taipei. Numerical results indicate that when a single objective among charge time, charge fare and profit of service provider is considered, the occupation rate of charge station as well as its benefit falls into a few competitive service providers, which may not be beneficial to individual users who need the service. The use of the proposed multi-objective programming model allows us to obtain optimal solutions between the service providers and the users.