採買作為調適方法：臺南科學園區周邊農村生活支持網絡的轉型

Abstract

臺灣農村生活型態正在高齡化影響下逐漸式微。此時科學園區以「帶動地方發展」之名，正當化其設置理由，持續被各界賦予促進地方繁榮的期待。然而，科學園區究竟為農村居民的日常生活帶來什麼樣的改變？本研究以日常消費之一的「採買」為透鏡，聚焦南部科學園區臺南園區周邊安定區農村，探討不同世代的原住居民如何在生活條件與採買型態的變遷下進行調適。意即，在農村高齡化與科學園區引發空間重構中，農村居民如何可能透過採買來經驗與調適個人狀態與生活環境的改變？為此，本研究的具體核心發問為：（一）高齡化的農村在南部科學園區臺南園區的影響下，產生什麼樣的空間重構？（二）面臨日常消費場所與服務轉變，當地不同世代群體面臨怎麼樣的不適？各自如何解決日常所需？（三）世居於此的居民如何在採買中經驗空間轉型，並調適出新的生活支持網絡？ 本研究深入安定區兩種消費等級不同的村庄中，透過半結構式訪談和參與觀察，蒐集世居於此的居民之家庭分工、一日行程與採買安排，並觀察其在採買、務農和年節食物製作等場域的實作。研究發現，安定區自科學園區設置以來即被定位為支援區，村庄外道路建設、土地徵收和村庄內的集合住宅，皆服務於科學園區擴張。園區所支持的生活型態與農村截然不同，助長農村採買資源式微，使居民對市區資源依賴逐漸加深。這不僅是空間重構，更是生活方式的置換。 園區就業成為中青世代以勞動力換取留鄉機會的重要途徑。這些夾在工作與扶養之間中青世代採買人，面對分散的農村採買資源，需在有限的空檔中有效率地完成採買任務。他們運用時空戰術與適足移動能力，在連鎖體系商店、市區大型菜市場和量販店之間穿梭，輔以網路購物的搜尋與移動服務，搭配出逃機會，調適空間資源不足和家務勞動壓力，為自己編織出一張生活支持網絡。相較之下，老年世代面臨身體老化與村庄小市場消失，逐漸失去移動和採買能力。原以務農和信仰公共事務集結的鄰居社群，將家戶採買納入互助範圍，透過共享移動、團購食材、年節食物合作、等待移動販車等多重方式，縫補逐漸破碎的農村生活機能，形成社群支持網絡。因此，採買是經驗空間轉型的方法，也是調適支持系統不足的方法。 綜言之，採買涉及採買人個體需求與家庭扶養責任，是在有限資源空間中，透過時空戰術、自主移動能力與社群網絡，協商便利性的動態道德化勞動，有調適生活空間變化與家務勞動壓力的效果。本研究透過「採買」的概念化詮釋和原住居民的日常實踐，展現空間轉型中置換生活方式的過程，採買人又如何編織支持網絡來調適改變，進而活出鄉村性與都市性，呈現臺灣城鄉交錯並置的樣貌。然而，科學園區的外溢效應滲入高齡化的農村，將生活型態導向都市邏輯的同時，卻削弱了原地老化長輩所需的生活支持條件。與其無限擴張科學園區並寄望其自動引領地方繁榮，或許更應回到地方社會的實際需求，思考園區應如何透過多元回饋機制，補強在地生活支持系統，方能朝向穩定且可持續的居住環境邁進。

As Taiwan’s rural areas age, traditional ways of life are slowly fading. At the same time, science parks are promoted as engines of local development—raising hopes but also reshaping rural spaces. This study focuses on one aspect of everyday consumption—grocery shopping—to explore how different generations in Anding District experience and adapt to these changes. How are long-time rural residents adjusting their grocery routines as space, services, and support systems shift? This research addresses three key questions: (1) What kinds of spatial restructuring have occurred in aging rural communities under the influence of the Southern Taiwan Science Park (STSP)? (2) How have residents of different generations experienced difficulties due to changes in grocery resources and services, and how do they meet their daily needs? (3) How do long-term residents engage with these spatial changes through grocery shopping, and how do they construct new forms of life support networks? Based on interviews and fieldwork in two villages with different levels of grocery resources, this study finds that Anding has been positioned as a support zone for the STSP. Infrastructure development and land use changes serve the park’s expansion, while urban consumption logics gradually erode rural life. Middle-aged grocery shoppers, balancing work and caregiving, use mobility and temporal-spatial tactics across markets and online platforms. They create a life support network for themselves and their families. In contrast, older residents—facing declining mobility and the disappearance of small local markets—rely on long-standing neighborhood ties. This informal support network—built through shared rides, group shopping, food exchange and co-working—helps fill grocery gaps but cannot fully replace stable systems, especially as care needs grow. In short, grocery shopping is a moralized labor practice that reflects personal needs, family responsibilities, and limited local grocery resources. It involves negotiating convenience through temporal-spatial tactics, mobility, and social networks, offering a way to adapt to the pressures of caregiving and spatial changes. By weaving life support networks for family and self, grocery shoppers perform both rurality and urbanity amid spatial transformation. While the STSP may bring convenience for some, it also risks weakening the systems rural elders need to age in place. Rather than relying solely on science parks to drive local prosperity, it is crucial to respond to the real needs of rural communities and build diverse feedback mechanisms that strengthen local support systems—paving the way for sustainable and supportive living environments.