文創如何落地？花蓮舊市區藝文公共領域的形成與轉變

Abstract

本研究的核心發問是：「花蓮舊市區如何在公部門與私部門協力共構的條件下形成藝文公共領域？」。隨著文化創意產業被納入國家文化治理的核心策略，藝文活動與空間治理成為都市發展的重要工具。然而，在以都會區為參照所推展的文化政策邏輯中，花蓮作為島嶼邊陲城市，因其文化條件、地理位置與社會結構的特殊性，往往在政策落地時面臨諸多挑戰與侷限。本研究即從此問題意識出發，探問「文創如何落地」。 為理解文創落地與轉化的過程，本研究與「文化治理」、「藝文公共領域」等概念對話，並輔以「文化準公地」與「文化基礎設施」作為補充分析視角；進一步指出藝文空間如何在國家政策、市場經濟與民間實踐的三角張力中，形成具公共性的文化場域。作者主張，文化政策的落地並非單純的政策實施，而是牽涉到一個長期協商與轉譯的治理過程，民間藝文行動者、地方政府與中央政策之間的互動，正是文化治理場域動態運作的關鍵力量。 本研究結合歷史文獻梳理、文本分析、空間觀察與深度訪談等方法，以「落地」作為核心概念，凸顯花蓮地方文化發展的特殊脈絡。一方面，作者比較花蓮四座文創園區（花蓮文化創意產業園區、又一村文創園區、鐵道文化園區與陽光電城）的經營策略，分析中央與地方推動文創政策的合作模式與治理實踐；另一方面，亦關注民間藝文空間如何在政策框架下因地制宜地展開行動。本研究選取「鐵了心共營團隊」、「樂見里8號閱覽室」、「光之島共享空間」與「花蓮日日／節點共創工作室」等代表性案例，觀察這些藝文行動者如何從複合式空間經營出發，逐步拓展與公部門的合作關係，開創藝文空間作為「藝文公共領域」的潛能。上述案例多由移居花蓮的藝文創業者主導，他們以在地生活實踐回應東部文化想像，與轉型中的官方體制逐步接軌。作者發現，儘管此類公私協力展現治理契機，仍面臨制度設計與協作機制待健全的挑戰。 經過多次的田野調查及參與式訪談，本研究提出兩項核心論點：第一，中央與地方所推動的「藝文轉生」政策雖因空間資源限制、治理模式移植等因素面臨執行困難；然而花蓮特殊的環境運動歷史與邊陲性格，反而促成了具在地特色的民間藝文能量，並在文化政策轉型與治理鬆動的契機下，形成了新的藝文公共領域。第二，花蓮的文化治理逐漸從以觀光為主的文化行銷，轉向日常生活為基礎的公共文化建構；新的公私協力模式強調與社區議題、地方資源的連結，使得藝文空間更具「文化準公地」的社會性功能。作者期許本研究能從台灣東部次級城市的視角出發，重新審視文化政策與地方實踐之間的關係，補充過去文創研究過於聚焦政策成效的侷限，描繪出文化在在地脈絡中逐步萌芽與落地的過程。

This thesis investigates how the Cultural Public Sphere in Hualien’s old town has taken shape and transformed under the collaborative conditions between public and private sectors. As cultural and creative industries have become central to national cultural governance, cultural events and spatial policies have emerged as key strategies in urban development. However, in policy frameworks modeled on metropolitan contexts, cities like Hualien—positioned at the island’s periphery—often face challenges in localizing such strategies due to distinct cultural, geographical, and social conditions. This study begins with the question: How does cultural creativity become deeply rooted? To understand this localization and transformation process, the research engages with the concepts of cultural governance and the Cultural Public Sphere, while also drawing on the notions of Cultural Quasi-Commons and Cultural Infrastructure to examine how cultural venues operate within the tensions among state policy, market logics, and grassroots practices. It argues that the implementation of cultural policy is not a linear execution of top-down plans, but a prolonged process of negotiation and translation shaped by interactions among civic actors, local governments, and central authorities. Methodologically, the research combines historical analysis, policy document review, spatial observation, and in-depth interviews, using the idea of “taking root”（落地）to foreground the specificity of Hualien’s cultural landscape. On the one hand, it compares the governance and operational models of four major cultural parks—Hualien Cultural and Creative Industries Park, “又一村” Cultural Park, Hualien Railway Culture Park, and Solar Cities（陽光電城）—to explore how central and local governments co-implement Cultural-Creative Re-Incarnation policies. On the other hand, it examines how grassroots actors respond to the policy landscape through adaptive strategies. The cases include: “Iron-Heart（鐵了心） Co-Governance Team,” “Yuejianli（樂見里） No. 8 Reading Room,” “Island of Light Cultural Space,” and “Hualien Daily（花蓮日日） / Node Co-Creation（節點共創） Studio.” These initiatives, often led by cultural entrepreneurs who have relocated to Hualien, demonstrate how local experiences and long-term engagement with the community shape emerging forms of public culture. While these public-private collaborations offer new governance possibilities, they still face institutional and operational challenges. Through extensive fieldwork and interviews, this thesis makes two core arguments: First, although centrally and locally promoted Cultural-Creative Re-Incarnation policies encounter implementation difficulties due to mismatched resources and governance paradigms, Hualien’s legacy of environmental movements and its marginal position have catalyzed a distinct form of grassroots cultural energy. This has facilitated the emergence of a renewed Cultural Public Sphere amid shifting policy frameworks. Second, Hualien’s cultural governance is gradually moving from tourism-centered branding toward the construction of public culture rooted in everyday life. New models of public-private collaboration emphasize engagement with community issues and local resources, enabling cultural spaces to function as Cultural Quasi-Commons with expanded social capacity. Ultimately, this study aims to reframe the understanding of cultural governance from the vantage point of an eastern secondary city in Taiwan. It seeks to complement existing research—often focused on policy outcomes or industrial promotion—by illuminating how culture takes root, sprouts, and regenerates through locally embedded practices.