請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 鄭宇翔 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Yu-Hsiang Cheng | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 林祈安 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Chi-An Lin | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-07-11T16:12:39Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-07-12 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2025-07-11 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2025-07-04 | - |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/97692 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本論文設計、模擬並量測兩種用於太赫茲頻段的波導至平面電路轉接結構，目標為實現涵蓋 D 頻段（110–170 GHz）的全頻操作。第一種結構為波導至偶合微帶線（coupled MS）轉接，採用整合導向器（director）的領結天線（bowtie antenna）以增進頻寬與匹配表現。第二種結構透過 40 度徑向 stub balun，將偶合微帶訊號轉換為單條微帶線（single MS），有助於後續與其他平面電路的整合。
為提升設計效率並克服傳統人工調參的限制，本研究導入機器學習輔助的最佳化流程。設計流程結合了拉丁超立方取樣（LHS）、隨機森林回歸模型（RF）、特徵重要性分析與主動學習循環。本論文提出兩種應用案例：一為基於特徵重要性之局部最佳化，另一則自頭開始以模型引導探索並進行爬山法強化，兩者皆成功達成 D 頻段全頻寬要求，且在傳輸性能上超越傳統設計。 本研究進一步實作實體轉接結構，並於背對背波導平台進行量測。實測插入損耗皆落在可接受範圍內，模擬與實測之間的誤差約為 1.5–1.6 dB，主要歸因於波導導體損失與 UG-387 法蘭接觸不完全等物理因素。整體結果驗證本研究所設計之轉接結構的可行性與系統整合性。 本論文所提出之轉接架構與最佳化流程，為未來太赫茲系統封裝與第六代（6G）通訊、衛星鏈路整合應用提供具實用性與可擴展性的解決方案。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | This thesis presents the design, simulation, and measurement of two high-frequency transition structures connecting waveguides to planar circuits, specifically targeting full-band operation across the D-band (110–170 GHz). The first structure, a waveguide-to-coupled microstrip transition, employs a bowtie antenna with integrated directors to enhance bandwidth and matching. The second structure converts the coupled signal to a single microstrip line using a 40 degree radial stub balun, enabling broader integration with planar RF systems.
To improve design efficiency and overcome the limitations of manual tuning, a machine learning (ML)-aided optimization methodology is introduced. This workflow integrates Latin Hypercube Sampling, random forest regression, feature importance analysis, and an active learning loop. Two ML design cases are presented: one uses model-guided refinement based on feature importance, and the other adopts full-cycle exploration and local optimization. Both designs achieved full D-band bandwidth with improved transmission metrics compared to conventional methods. Fabricated prototypes were measured using back-to-back waveguide setups. The measured insertion losses remained within acceptable limits, with consistent simulation-to-measurement deviation around 1.5–1.6 dB, attributed primarily to waveguide and flange-related imperfections. The results confirm the viability of the proposed transitions and validate the joint chip and waveguide co-design. The proposed structures and methodology provide practical and scalable solutions for terahertz system integration and offer insights for future high-frequency packaging in 6G and satellite communication applications. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2025-07-11T16:12:39Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2025-07-11T16:12:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Verification Letter from the Oral Examination Committee i
摘要iii Abstract v Contents vii List of Figures xi List of Tables xvii Denotation xix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction to Terahertz Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Importance of Terahertz Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Objectives and Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Overview of Chapters and Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 2 Theoretical Foundations 9 2.1 Waveguide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2 Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2.1 Hertzian Dipole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2.2 Dipole Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.3 Bow-Tie Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Chapter 3 Reference and Related Works 29 3.1 Overview of Split-Block Waveguide Packages at Terahertz Frequencies 29 3.2 Waveguide to IC Probe Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.3 Waveguide to IC Dipole Antenna Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.4 Active MMIC Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Chapter 4 The D-Band Transition Structure 41 4.1 Frequency Band Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.2 Transition of WG to Coupled MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.2.1 Dipole and Bow-Tie Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.2.2 Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.2.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.3 Transition of WG to Single MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.3.1 Balun Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.3.2 Simulation Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.3.3 Performance Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.4 Transition Chip Holder Waveguide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.5 Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.5.1 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.5.2 Characterization of the Transition Chip Holder Waveguide . . . . . 56 4.5.3 WG-to-Coupled Microstrip Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.5.4 WG-to-Single Microstrip Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.5.5 Measurement Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Chapter 5 Machine Learning-Aided Transition Design 61 5.1 Introduction and Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 5.2 Applied Machine Learning Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.2.1 Model Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5.2.2 Random Forest Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.2.3 Latin Hypercube Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.2.4 Candidate Selection Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 5.2.5 Active Learning Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.3 Machine Learning-Based Waveguide to Coupled Microstrip Transition 70 5.3.1 Objective and Feature Importance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 5.3.2 Optimization Based on Important Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.3.3 Attempts at Model-Guided Point Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 5.3.4 Optimized Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.3.5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.4 Machine Learning-Based Waveguide to Single Microstrip Transition . 75 5.4.1 Design Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 5.4.2 Model Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5.4.3 Initial Model-Guided Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5.4.4 Targeted Model-Guided Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 5.4.5 Hill Climbing Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 5.4.6 Optimized Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 5.5 Comparison with Traditional Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Chapter 6 Conclusion and Discussion 87 References 89 Appendix A — J-Band Dipole Antenna Transitions 99 Appendix B — J-Band Probe Transition 103 Appendix C — D-Band Probe Transition 105 | - |
| dc.language.iso | en | - |
| dc.title | 應用機器學習設計之D頻帶波導至傳輸線轉接結構 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | D-Band Waveguide to IC Transition Structures Designed Using Machine Learning | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 113-2 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 王鈺強;陳念偉 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Yu-Chiang Frank Wang;Nan-Wei Chen | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 天線,領結型天線,機器學習,太赫茲,轉接, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Antenna,Bow-tie antenna,Machine Learning,Terahertz,Transition, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 105 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202501454 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(限校園內公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2025-07-07 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 電機資訊學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 電信工程學研究所 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2025-07-12 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 電信工程學研究所 | |
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