香港流水革命的大氣/氛圍政治: 從「運動」及「風化」兩個理論視角切入

Abstract

二十一世紀以來，國家面對反全球化、反種族歧視、以及反威權擴張等社會運動，出現了許多採取使用催淚瓦斯等警治手段的案例。在這些都市抗議場域，抗議者沉浸於一種特殊毒性大氣環境，以及高亢警民衝突政治氛圍。本論文以香港流水革命 (2019-2020) 爲例，主張激進社會運動爆發過程會產生身體動作和都市移動的政治性，並對都市氛圍及抗議者產生持續的共同風化效應。內容將分為兩大部分。 第一部分會考慮口述歷史、媒體和筆者的訪談資料，從特定事件與場所重構流水革命參與者與國家大氣暴力相遇的過程，從三個角度理解「運動」的政治意涵：（一）抗議者身體緊密地與都市環境和元素糾纏起來。當身體遭遇國家化學暴力，群眾會逃逸、聚散和抵抗，溢出警戒框定的空間界線與交通模式。（二）面對化學暴力，示威者發展出多樣化的活動方式進行抵抗。隨著流水革命展開，日常移動載具、用品和運動商品被參與者挪用和轉化為充滿政治意涵的抵抗物質。（三）在都市衝突下遊走的身體，往往具有特殊的地勢挑戰。參與者在「運動」中身處不同位置，會產生差異化的風險和空間知識。他們之間激發了一種暫時性，卻黏著的團隊紐帶。 第二部分通過對抗議事件目錄的資料進行整理和分析，考察在更長時間幅度，因應催淚瓦斯、新冠肺炎疫情等大氣擾動事件而蔓延的威權政治氛圍，如何與運動參與者的身體共同風化，形塑他們的抗議風格及軌跡。透過風化的概念和情動理論的嫁接，本文分析了病毒爆發前後都市環境的變化，以及示威者面對大氣擾動，與國家暴力和病毒大氣一起風化的眾多方式，包括唱歌、悼念、集體現身與呼吸調適。這些身體美學實踐展示了抗議者如何在日漸嚴酷的都市氛圍中獲得政治覺醒，同時試圖讓流水革命在被政府抹除的危險中持存。 透過激進社會運動中的情動及具身視角，本文主張「運動」本身除了具有公民參與，推動體制變革的社會意義，也包含身體的移動、動作和練習，與都市大氣/氛圍共同風化的物理-情動面向。這樣橋接「運動」的社會意義與物理意義，清楚說明抗議者不只是被框限於預設的集會遊行空間，而是會外延和曝露於大氣下發聲。甚至這樣沉浸式身體感擴展抗議政治的空間性，更有其時間延展效應，會後續對抗議者日常生活節奏和實踐產生實質改變。

In recent years, global use of tear gas against participants in social movements has intensified, reflecting the rise of atmospheric policing as a means of crowd control. Within this form of state violence, protesters are immersed in toxic physical environments and intense political atmospheres shaped by urban conflict. This thesis uses the Hong Kong Be-water Revolution (2019–2020) as a case study to examine how radical social movements generate a politics of bodily exercise and mobility. It also explores how these movements engage in a process of weathering, a long-term entanglement between protesters and urban atmosphere that reshapes both material-affective conditions and embodied experiences of dissent. The thesis is organized in two parts. The first draws on oral histories, media reports, and interviews to reconstruct how participants encountered atmospheric policing and state-deployed chemical violence. It considers the physical and political dimensions of movement from three perspectives: (1) bodily encounters with atmospheric policing and a tear gas-filled urban environment; (2) repurposing of everyday objects into resistant matters; and (3) navigation of contested terrain through differentiated risk and spatial knowledge. The second part analyzes a catalog of protest events to explore how the Be-water Revolution co-evolved with an authoritarian atmosphere intensified by tear gas and the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on affect theory and the concept of weathering, it examines affective practices such as singing, mourning, breathing attunements, and withdrawal as forms of somaesthetic resistance that sustain protesters’ political awareness and solidarity, even under the threat of erasure. Overall, this thesis proposes an expanded understanding of movement, not only as sustained collective action aimed at institutional and broader societal change, but also as physical movement involving kinesthetic intelligence and embodied experience of how bodies navigate conflict-ridden urban atmospheres. These affective encounters extend the spatiality of protest and, over time, transform the everyday lives and mobilities of those who resist.