變動中的台港關係：在台港人二次移民現象分析

Abstract

2019年後，香港社會劇變，爆發移民潮。部分港人走向高舉自由民主的台灣，帶著不同於純粹生活方式型移民所有的社會價值期許與地方想像，跟台灣社會互動。本研究分析在台港人對台灣的想像如何生成，以及記錄移動者如何經驗台灣社會的各種皺摺，並更細緻地察覺更為隱性的文化與社會差異，脫離「旅客凝視」之餘，也脫離了「政治凝視」，從而了解港人移台的想像與現實的落差。

除了透過檢視港人移台的真實生活經驗，同時亦梳理台灣整體移民政策的特質，以及對港移民政策多年來如何受台灣自身的國族想像、以及中港台三地關係的變化而影響，以展示港台關係的複雜性，並拆解二次移民之局面。究其原因，除了政治因素，亦因台灣移民政策的設計未臻系統化，如條文欠清晰及溯及既往、居留權與工作權割裂、行政裁量權過大等。同時，了解在台港人如何在移動過程中重塑對自己、對香港以及對台灣的認識，亦顯示出民主追求與實現遠比兩地人的各種凝視更為複雜。

After 2019, Hong Kong society underwent significant changes, triggering a wave of emigration. As Hongkongers’ sense of identity reached a peak, some began to move to Taiwan, a society that upholds freedom and democracy. Unlike immigrants solely seeking a change in lifestyle, these individuals engaged with Taiwanese society driven by social values and local expectations that differed from those of typical migrants. This study explores how Hongkongers’ perceptions and imaginations of Taiwan are formed, documenting how these migrants experience the complexities of Taiwanese society. It also examines how they become more attuned to the underlying cultural and social differences, stepping beyond the “tourist gaze” to understand the nuances of their new environment. Moreover, this study shifts away from a “political gaze” seeking to understand the gap between Hongkongers' imagined ideals of moving to Taiwan and the reality they encounter.

In addition to examining the real-life experiences of Hongkongers immigrating to Taiwan, this study also analyzes Taiwan’s immigration policy as a whole. It explores how the policy towards Hong Kong has been shaped by Taiwan's national identity, as well as the evolving relations between China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan over the years. This framework helps illuminate the complexity of the Taiwan-Hong Kong relationship, while deconstructing the dynamics of secondary migration. The motivations behind this phenomenon are not solely political; they also reflect the fact that Taiwan’s immigration policies have yet to mature or systematize, such as unclear provisions, retrospective application, the separation of residency rights and work rights, excessive administrative discretion, etc. At the same time, the study delves into how Hongkongers in Taiwan reshape their understanding of themselves, Hong Kong, and Taiwan during their migration process. It also shows that the pursuit and realization of democracy are far more complex than various forms of “gaze” from both sides.