論黑格爾《精神現象學》裡哲學的無預設性

Abstract

「無預設性」是哲學關注的重要議題。本文旨在探究黑格爾《精神現象學》中無預設性的相關課題。在導論中，本文首先說明何以研究黑格爾哲學中的「無預設性」課題，並提出以「開端」和「方法」兩個主題作為主要的研究路徑。在第一章中，本文說明「開端」之於哲學無預設性的重要性，並談論基礎主義及其問題。在第二章中，本文根據《精神現象學》的文本闡明黑格爾哲學的無預設性並非建立在無預設的基礎上，而是建立在已發展的整體上；此外，對黑格爾哲學來說，開端可以是任意的，因為只要方法正確，哲學就能夠從任何具有預設的開端開始，最終發展成整體。本文關注的焦點於是從「開端」過渡至「方法」。在第三章中，本文說明「方法」之於哲學無預設性的重要性，並談論「分離方法論」及其問題。在第四章中，本文以《精神現象學》的文本闡明黑格爾的方法是展示法—即一種與內容不可分離的方法。通過展示法，我們在《精神現象學》中看見意識通過自己內部的考察而成為精神；也正是通過展示法，《精神現象學》方能呈現出意識發展到精神的整體過程，從而達到真正的無預設性。

“presuppositionlessness” is an important subject in philosophy. This thesis aims to explore the relevant issues of presuppositionlessness in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. In the introduction, this thesis first explains why I study the subject of presuppositionlessness in Hegel's philosophy, and proposes the two themes which are "beginning" and "method" as the main research paths. In the first chapter, this thesis explains the importance of "beginning" to the presuppositionlessness of philosophy and discusses foundationalism and its problems. In the second chapter, according to the text of Phenomenology of Spirit, this thesis explains the presuppositionlessness in Hegel's philosophy is not based on a basic without any presuppositions, but on the whole of development. In addition, for Hegel the beginning can be arbitrary. because as long as the method is correct, it is possible to start from any beginning with presuppositions and eventually develop it into a whole. The focus of this thesis thus shifts from "beginning" to "method". In the third chapter, this thesis explains the importance of "method" to the presuppositionlessness of philosophy, and discusses "separate methodology" and its problems. In the fourth chapter, based on the text of The Phenomenology of Spirit, this thesis points out that Hegel's method is a method of demonstration—a method that is inseparable from content. Through the method of demonstration, we see in Phenomenology of Spirit that consciousness becomes spirit through its own internal investigation. it is also through the method of demonstration that Phenomenology of Spirit can present the overall process of the development of consciousness into spirit, thus achieving true presuppositionlessness.