臺灣煤礦產業襲產地方研究：新北市山佳地區煤礦襲產保存歷程與襲產參與

Abstract

本研究以臺灣煤礦產業襲產地方研究作為核心要題，藉由保存歷程與地方組織的襲產參與研究視角出發，梳理山佳地區煤礦襲產田野現況，以及2002年自山佳車站被指定為市定古蹟後，持續牽引出的煤礦坑地方工程之保存方法，進而以襲產參與之視角，分析參與及關注山佳地區煤礦發展的組織在地方的運作動機、方法與網絡狀態。

透過文獻分析、田野調查、參與式觀察與深入訪談的方法，本文回溯山佳地區煤礦發展歷史，論數其襲產不同層次的系統價值，再敘寫出山佳區域與煤礦產業史的發展歷程，並從煤礦產業中的運輸與生產空間如山佳車站、大豐煤礦一號坑、二號坑與山子腳第一坑著手撰寫，搭配田野現地調查後的考究，也一併談及研究範圍內未盡之大豐煤礦炭梘橋，以及相關山佳地區煤礦產業系統之運輸運輸路線的討論。

保存歷程與現況分析結果，山佳地區之煤礦產業襲產可分為三類敘述。煤礦坑口部分，如現地方工程再造的大豐煤礦一號坑、大豐煤礦二號坑、研究調查社群已曾探訪但未有其他保存行動介入的山仔腳煤礦第一坑；運輸與建築通道類，已指定為市定古蹟之山佳車站，以及曾於2018年被新北市文資審議會列冊，而2024年再被解除列冊之大豐煤礦炭梘橋，以及見證地方聚落發展之已登錄的歷史建築石灰坑拱橋與水利運輸之運煤溝；其他相關設施物有的為廢棄閒置狀態，有的轉以成為民宅使用。顯現山佳地區煤礦襲產的歷史空間規模，以及當代保存方式與狀態之尚未保存與保存多元性。

襲產參與的研究分析上，山佳地區煤礦襲產的議題參與，除了在地以高齡者為主的山佳社區發展協會組織與鐵道文化志工隊中之導覽成員，近年108課綱刊展的校訂文史課程，使地方小學已常態進行現地襲產教育，而非山佳地區的常駐組織，也有長期關注與深耕樹林區文史與公共議題關注的樹林社區大學、獨立運行之玓瓅文史工作室，各個團體皆以其工作方法在其中耕耘。然而從研究發現，不同的組織之間關係並未緊密。在2017-2019年之間合作較為頻繁時，是因為山佳社區發展協會、育德國小、導覽員與樂山里里長在古蹟山佳車站修復完畢後，共同協作地方計畫與校訂課程，然而隨著關鍵人物消逝，各自組織回到原先團體任務中運行，但也基於硬體修復與再造完畢的工程的便利與效果，使得這些組織的煤礦襲產相關行動，包含導覽與教育工作等，都持續運行著。然而彼此關係之間的淡薄，也實際地影響著在地文史的討論程度與可走向的深度。

研究結論，回首山佳地區煤礦襲產的空間保存營造，現況山佳地區保存方式別於園區化或博物館化的再造，以「地方工程再造」作為途徑，透過里長及區公所的地方治理方法，將煤礦產業襲產做單點式與觀光取向呈現，如未來加以具區域營造的系統思維，或參與式管道，可將地方煤礦襲產與地方文史議題發展創造不同可能性；另在襲產參與的分析框架上，如生命經驗敘說與文史知識流動更趨活絡，方可推動現況山佳地區歷史記憶與詮釋的基礎，並建立地方同樣關注礦業襲產議題之組織的連結，且在「由下而上」的過程，地方政府應當加以提供由下而上時的支持與資源，更意識之山佳地方的勞動型態與文化資本累積程度，在組織與民眾提出公共課題時，建立信任與支持，推動議題深化，接續再建構著山佳地區的煤礦襲產保存，也建構在地歷史。

Taiwan’s coal mining industry has significantly shaped the country’s industrial and cultural landscape. Among the key coal mining sites, Shan-Jia in New Taipei City holds particular historical importance due to its rich coal heritage and preservation efforts. This study examines the preservation process, local heritage participation, and the broader implications for sustaining historical memory in the region.

The preservation of coal mining heritage in Shan-Jia gained momentum in 2002 whenShan-Jia Station was designated as a municipal heritage site. Since then, conservation efforts have focused on mine entrances, transportation networks, and industrial facilities. Through literature analysis, fieldwork, participatory observation, and interviews, this study traces the historical development of coal mining in Shan-Jia. Key locations include Shan-Jia Station, “Dafeng Coal Mine Pit No. 1, Pit No. 2”, and “Shan-zi-Jiao First Pit”, as well as underexplored sites such as the “Da-feng Coal Mine Carbon Bridge” and transportation routes associated with coal distribution.

The analysis of preservation efforts categorizes coal mining heritage in Shan-Jia into three aspects. First, mine entrances such as “Da-feng Coal Mine Pit No. 1, Pit No. 2” have undergone restoration, whereas “Shan-zi-Jiao First Pit” remains largely undocumented. Second, transportation and architectural structures have received varied levels of conservation. While Shan-Jia Station is a designated heritage site, the “Da-feng Coal Mine Carbon Bridge”, listed as a heritage site in 2018, was delisted in 2024, raising concerns about the sustainability of preservation. Other historic structures, such as the “Shi-hui-Keng Arch Bridge” and coal transport ditch, further illustrate the area’s industrial past. Third, various facilities remain abandoned or repurposed, highlighting the diverse approaches to coal mining heritage conservation.

And, heritage participation in Shan-Jia involves multiple actors. Local efforts are led by the Shan-Jia Community Development Association, consisting mainly of elderly residents, and the Railway Culture Volunteer Team, which provides guided tours. Recent educational reforms, particularly the Curriculum Guidelines of 12Year, have led to increased involvement from primary schools. Additionally, the organizations such as Shu-Lin Community University and the independently operated “Di-Li Cultural Studio” contribute to heritage research and documentation. However, the relationships between these organizations remain fragmented, limiting collaborative efforts.

Between 2017 and 2019, collaboration among local organizations intensified following the restoration of Shan-Jia Station. The Shan-Jia Community Development Association, Yu-de Elementary School, local tour guides, and the chief of Le-Shan Village worked together on educational and heritage projects. However, after key figures departed, cooperation declined, with each organization focusing on independent efforts. Despite ongoing guided tours and educational initiatives, the lack of strong inter-organizational ties has hindered deeper historical engagement.

The preservation strategy in Shan-Jia differs from museum-based approaches, relying instead on "local engineering reconstruction." This method, driven by village chiefs and district offices, results in fragmented, tourism-oriented heritage presentation rather than a unified conservation effort. While this approach enables the restoration of individual sites, it lacks a broader, systematic heritage plan.

To improve coal mining heritage preservation in Shan-Jia, future efforts should adopt a regional planning perspective and participatory mechanisms, such as oral history projects and community-based heritage initiatives. Strengthening the storytelling of lived experiences and fostering organizational collaboration would enhance advocacy and conservation effectiveness. Additionally, local governments should support grassroots initiatives by providing funding and resources, fostering trust between institutions and communities. Recognizing the historical labor structures and cultural capital in Shan-Jia will further contribute to heritage sustainability. The continued preservation of Shan-Jia’s coal mining heritage requires collaboration between local communities, researchers, and policymakers. By fostering deeper discussions on industrial heritage, promoting inter-organizational cooperation, and integrating participatory heritage models, Shan-Jia can sustain its coal mining legacy and enrich its historical landscape for future generations. Long-term strategies that balance preservation with community engagement will ensure that coal mining heritage remains a meaningful part of Shan-Jia’s cultural identity.