明清琉球知識的建構以及與他者之互動

Abstract

本研究所欲探討的核心問題，在於傳統中國如何認識他者，以及如何將這類認識置於當時的脈絡進行理解。透過分析明清時期對琉球知識的建構，與中國琉球知識體系對他國的影響與互動，本研究試圖提供一個思考中國對異域認識內涵的不同視角。 除緒論與結論外，本文將分為四章。第二章討論琉球知識在中國的出現，及至於明代對琉球認識的內容，尤其重視自中國實際接觸琉球後，相關記載從想像到相對具體內容的轉變過程，從而分析在傳統華夷思想外，實際的對外關係變化在琉球書寫中的作用。 第三章探討清代使琉球錄所掌握的知識來源，並分析清文人所能接觸琉球相關知識的途徑。此中包括使臣及其從客琉球經驗，與前來中國留學的琉球官生與勤學人的互動，還有其他記有琉球知識的相關書籍，探討清代琉球知識在使臣積極建構琉球知識的背景下，如何能夠形成的中國琉球知識書寫的高峰，而此一高峰又對清代士人的琉球認識有何影響。 第四章與第五章，將視野擴大到中國琉球知識與其他國家對琉球知識的建構的關係，討論明清中國知識對外國的影響。第四章探討中國琉球知識，在琉球建構其自身國史的過程，以及日本、朝鮮在書寫琉球知識中有何作用。第五章則分析在十九世紀中期以前，中國琉球知識如何參與了西方琉球知識的形成。

This dissertation focuses on pre-modern Chinese foreign relations, especially on how pre-modern China understood outside world by discussion of Ryukyu knowledge in pre-modern China, and analyze the process of knowledge production to present a different and multi-faceted picture of China’s relations with and understanding of other countries in the pre-modern period. On the other hand, the reception of Chinese-made records in other countries in comparison with the local discourse will be at the center to comprehend other countries’ viewpoint of Chinese-made records in the past. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into four chapters. Chapter 2 discusses the emergence of the knowledge of Ryukyu kingdom in Ming Dynasty with particular emphasis on the process of change from imagination to relative specificity since China's actual contact with the Ryukyu kingdom. Chapter 3 examines the sources of knowledge acquired by the Qing envoys to the Ryukyus and analyzes the channels through which the Qing literati were able to gain access to Ryukyuan-related knowledge. This includes the experiences of the envoys and their guests in Ryukyu, and their interactions with Ryukyu officials and scholars who came to China to study, as well as other books containing Ryukyu-related knowledge. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss the influence of knowledge of Ryukyu kingdom formed by Ming Qing period on foreign countries. Chapter 4 examines how Chinese knowledge of Ryukyu influenced the process of constructing its own national history in the Ryukyu kingdom, and why it also influenced Japan and Korea's understanding of Ryukyu in the sixteenth to nineteenth Century. Chapter 5 analyzes how Chinese knowledge of the Ryukyu kingdom participated in the formation of in the Western understanding of the Ryukyu before the mid-nineteenth century.