人格特徵財產利益保護之研究

Abstract

關於姓名與肖像等人格特徵之保護，於我國法制上係為人格權保護範疇，惟過往人格權以精神利益為其核心內涵，近來學說及實務將之擴張及於財產利益之保護據以因應人格特徵於現今社會文化發展之變遷，對此，本文首先探究該等人格特徵財產利益之保護理論基礎，並在保護模式採擇上簡要介紹比較法上相關機制。然而本文並未拘泥於保護模式之採擇，而係以質性統計方式整理歸納我國涉及類此爭議之相關裁判案例，並在我國所採取之一元論人格權保護機制趨勢下，開展我國法制上對於人格特徵財產利益保護之研究。 本文指出，人格特徵財產利益實具抽象普遍以及積極利用特性，縱使在採取一元論保護模式下，與同為人格權內涵之精神利益間亦具一定之可區辨性，各自有其著重特性及規範功能，不應認二者間具有緊密交織關聯。此外，人格特徵財產利益與著作財產權間應予以辨別，二者應屬平行之權益與概念，於法規適用上，亦無存在所謂著作權法為特別法而應為優先適用之問題。 於確立人格特徵財產利益於我國法制上之定位後，本文試圖重新審視人格特徵財產利益之保護架構，並由保護主體及歸屬問題出發，接續探討人格特徵財產利益之授權與繼承問題，並以人格特徵財產利益之侵害救濟機制檢驗作結。

The protection of personal characteristics such as name and likeness falls within the scope of personality rights in the legal framework of Taiwan. Historically, personality rights were centered around mental interests. However, recent legal scholarship and practical applications have expanded the concept, aligning it with the protection of property interests to address the evolving societal and cultural developments concerning personal characteristics. In this context, this paper first explores the theoretical foundations of protecting property interests related to personal characteristics and briefly introduces relevant mechanisms in comparative law for protection models. However, the paper does not strictly adhere to a particular protection model. Instead, it qualitatively and statistically compiles and summarizes relevant judicial cases in Taiwan involving disputes of this nature. The paper contends that property interests related to personal characteristics possess abstract universality and positive utilization characteristics. Even under the unitary protection model, there is a discernible difference from mental interests, another facet of personality rights, each having distinct emphases and normative functions. Moreover, the paper distinguishes between property interests related to personal characteristics and copyright property rights, asserting that they are different rights and concepts. In terms of legal application, there is no compelling reason for the Copyright Act to be treated as a special law with priority. After clarifying the position of property interests related to personal characteristics in our legal system, the paper seeks to reexamine the protection framework. Starting with the issues of the protected subject and attribution, it delves into the authorization and inheritance problems concerning property interests related to personal characteristics. The paper concludes by examining the remedial mechanisms for infringements on property interests related to personal characteristics.