父母情緒性飲食、餵養方式與兒童情緒性飲食之關係探討：以新竹縣為例

Abstract

背景：情緒性飲食除了會增加人們肥胖的風險，也會增加罹患暴食症等疾病的機率。兒童期為發展飲食習慣的重要時期，在過往研究中發現情緒性飲食的情形在童年和青春期之間大幅增加，並可能持續到成年。父母身為主要的餵養者對兒童飲食行為有很大的影響。因此本研究指在探討父母對於兒童情緒性飲食影響的機轉，期望了解在家庭環境中父母的情緒性飲食如何傳遞給兒童。 目的：瞭解父母情緒性飲食與兒童情緒性飲食的關係，探討父母餵養方式是否為此關係的中介因子，以及比較父母對於兒童情緒性飲食影響之差異。 方法：本研究使用「國小學童過敏疾病及肥胖/過重盛行率調查」之資料，調查期間為2021年5月至2022年5月。使用多階層群集抽樣，共抽新竹縣30所學校，162個國小五、六年級之班級，3620對兒童/家長。刪除不符合要求之資料後，共納入1751組家庭（兒童/父親/母親）樣本進行分析。 結果：本研究發現父親情緒性飲食、母親情緒性飲食均與兒童情緒性飲食顯著相關。在同時考慮父親與母親影響的狀況下，父親與母親情緒性飲食對於兒童情緒性飲食均有顯著正向的影響效果。在中介效果的分析上，本次研究發現有情緒性飲食的母親較會使用獎賞型餵養方式，並增加兒童的情緒性飲食；父親的餵養方式則沒有發現統計上顯著之中介效果。 結論：本研究指出當父母有情緒性飲食時，兒童情緒性飲食的傾向增加。另一方面，有情緒性飲食的母親，會更傾向使用食物當作孩子表現好時給予的獎賞，這樣的餵養方式也會增加兒童的情緒性飲食。因此若能促進父母對於合適之兒童餵養方式的觀念，以及學習其他舒壓方式以降低透過進食舒緩負面情緒的行為，就能降低兒童情緒性飲食。

Background: Emotional eating not only increases the risk of obesity but also elevates the likelihood of disorders such as binge eating. Childhood represents a pivotal period for developing dietary habits. Previous studies have shown a significant increase in emotional eating between childhood and adolescence, which may persist into adulthood. Parents, being primary caregivers, wield significant influence over a child's dietary behavior. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which parental emotional eating influences children's eating habits and understand how parental emotional eating transmits to children within the family environment. Objectives: To understand the relationship between parental emotional eating and children's emotional eating, explore whether parental feeding styles act as mediating factors in this relationship, and compare the differences in parental influence on children's emotional eating. Methods: This study utilized data from the "Prevalence of Allergic Diseases and Obesity/Overweight in Elementary School Children." The survey was conducted from May 2021 to May 2022. Employing a multi-stage cluster sampling method, a total of 30 schools in Hsinchu County were selected, encompassing 162 classes from the fifth and sixth grades of elementary school, involving 3,620 child-parent pairs. Following the exclusion of data that did not meet the criteria, a total of 1,751 sets of family samples were included for analysis. Results: The study found significant correlations between paternal emotional eating and children's emotional eating. When considering the simultaneous influence of both parents, the emotional eating of both father and mother had a significant positive impact on children's emotional eating. Regarding the analysis of mediating effects, it was observed that mothers with emotional eating tendencies were more inclined to use a reward-based feeding practice, consequently increasing children's emotional eating. However, no statistically significant mediating effect was found for the feeding practices of fathers. Conclusion: This research found that the relationships between parents’ emotional eating and children's emotional eating were significant and positive. “Marental reward-based feeding practice” was a significant positive factor for the partial mediating effect between marental emotional eating and children’s emotional eating. Facilitating parents' understanding of appropriate child-feeding practices and educating them on alternative stress-relief methods can effectively decrease parents' tendency to resort to eating as a means of soothing negative emotions. Consequently, this approach may reduce instances of children engaging in emotional eating.