補綴式基礎設施化：台南舊城區的徒步可利用性

Abstract

本研究以台南舊城區行人的徒步行為與都市的空間紋理為主要關切，並援引James Gibson（1979）的可利用性（affordance）概念，藉此在對人與環境投以同等關注的基礎上，更適切地掌握徒步行為與空間紋理之間相互建構所形成的張力。為此，本研究爬梳了官方資料、報刊書籍與老照片等文獻資源，做為探討舊城區空間與徒步的歷史演變之基礎。並且透過實地調查與深度訪談，獲得更為詳實的空間使用情形與行人徒步的經驗以做為分析材料。 本研究首先分別從徒步意義的多元化、街道空間的機動化以及徒步基礎設施的專案化三個面向切入，並以歷史性的視角回顧台南舊城區發展歷程與上述現象的緊密關係。徒步的意義隨著近代文明的開展而愈趨多元，然其必要性卻漸為機動載具所取代。街道做為基礎設施的一環，其生產既牽涉政府的治理，也關乎長久以來人們建構而成的生活樣態。都市計畫道路反映出政府在機動化社會的部署下，按照速度及功能分流的邏輯；由前人徒步踏成的古老街巷是昔日營生的必經之路，一部份大致維持往昔模樣，另一部份則藉由專案化的營造，建立起一套以地磚鋪砌而成的古都都市性格。 接著本研究藉由正興街、府中街、米街及騎樓空間等具體案例，分別考察以友善行人為目的之基礎設施被政府或民間引入之過程中，和既有使用產生的衝突、轉化以及形成新的徒步可利用性之過程。特別自米街之案例中，可以看見徒步空間被鑲嵌於都市的文化治理脈絡下，成為附屬於文化專案中的交通基礎設施。然而卻由於相關基礎設施的未允諾，反而使原先應歸於交通治理的徒步空間以及其衍生出的徒步問題，陷入了更為複雜難解之狀態。其他的改善案例亦各有限制，而難以確實且普及地改善舊城區行人的徒步可利用性。據此，本研究發展補綴式基礎設施之概念，取其修補裂縫之意，以凸顯徒步的困境與這類基礎設施的侷限。 換個角度，本研究回到舊城區中徒步的行為者──人──本身，透過深度訪談和跟隨觀察獲得之田野資料，了解行人如何運用自身的習慣或者身體技術，與空間達成徒步可利用性，也進一步引用余舜德（2005；2015）的身體感概念，更細緻地分析徒步時身體對環境的感知。從前述經驗材料中，本研究進一步發展徒步可利用性的脆弱、易變與彈性三項特質，這當中蘊藏著因個人因素或環境紋理形成的機會和危機，也隨時可能受到突如其來的變化而中斷，有時可能繞道而過即可解決，有時則是以行人自身的安危為賭注，甚至可能因此傷亡。最後，本研究從2023年5月發生在舊城區路口的行人死傷事故，以及後續政府單位與民間團體的反響，衍伸出對市府徒步空間治理的評判與政策建議。

This study focuses on the pedestrian walking behavior and the spatial texture of the city in Tainan's Old Town, and invokes the concept of affordance by James Gibson (1979), so as to better get a handle on the tension between the mutual construction of walking and spatial texture on the basis of paying equal attention to people and the environment. To this end, this study draws on official sources, newspapers, books, old photographs and other documentary resources as the basis for exploring the historical evolution of space and walking in the old city. Through field investigation and in-depth interviews, we can obtain more detailed space usage and pedestrian walking experience as analysis materials. This study first starts from three aspects: the diversification of the meaning of walking, the motorization of street space, and the projectization of walking infrastructure, and reviews the close relationship between the development process of Tainan's old city and the above phenomenon from a historical perspective. The meaning of walking has become more and more diverse since the development of modern civilization, but its necessity has gradually been replaced by motorized vehicles. As a part of the infrastructure, the production of the street involves not only the governance of the government, but also the way of life that people have constructed over time. The old streets and alleys formed by the predecessors on foot are the only way to make a living in the past, some of which remain largely the same as before, and the other part of the project has established a set of urban character of the ancient capital paved with floor tiles. Then, this study examines the process of the introduction of infrastructure for the purpose of pedestrians friendly by the government or local society, and the process of conflict and transformation of existing use, as well as the formation of new pedestrian affordance, through specific cases such as JhengSing Street, FuJhong Street, Rice Street, and arcade space. In particular, in the case of Rice Street, it can be seen that the pedestrian space is embedded in the cultural governance of the city, and has become a transportation infrastructure attached to the cultural project. However, due to the failure of the relevant infrastructure, the walking space that should have been attributed to traffic management and the resulting walking problems have fallen into a more complex and difficult state to solve. Other improvement cases also have their own limitations, and it is difficult to improve the walking affordance of pedestrians in the old city in a reliable and widespread way. Accordingly, this study developed the concept of patchwork infrastructure, which means to repair cracks, in order to highlight the dilemma of walking and the limitations of this type of infrastructure. From another perspective, this study returns to the actors of walking in the old city, the people themselves, through in-depth interviews and field data obtained from follow-up observations, to understand how pedestrians use their own habits or body techniques to achieve the walking affordance with space, and further cites Shuenn Der Yu 's (2005; 2015) concept of “shentigan (experience of the body)” to analyze the body's perception of the environment while walking in more detail. From the above empirical materials, this study further develops the three characteristics of vulnerability, variability and flexibility of walking affordance, which contain opportunities and crises formed by personal factors or environmental textures, and may be interrupted by sudden changes at any time, sometimes by detours, sometimes at the risk of pedestrians' own safety, and may even cause casualties. Finally, this study derives from the fatal pedestrian accident that occurred at the intersection of the old city in May 2023 and the subsequent responses of government units and civil society organizations, and derives the evaluation and policy recommendations for the management of pedestrian space in the municipal government.