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標題: | 中國大陸《八二憲法》憲法解釋權及憲法監督權之研究 Research on the Power of Constitutional Interpretation and Constitutional Supervision in Mainland China's "1982 Constitution" |
作者: | 林博文 Po-Wen Ling |
指導教授: | 陳顯武 Hsien-Wu Chen |
關鍵字: | 憲法解釋,違憲審查,憲法監督,依法治國, constitutional interpretation,constitutional review,constitutional supervision,rule of law, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 本論文係研究中國大陸《八二憲法》憲法解釋權及監督權等問題。回顧中國大陸憲法經歷《五四憲法》、《七五憲法》、《七八憲法》及《八二憲法》,歷經五次的修憲後到香港國安法的提出,在法制上相關憲法解釋及違憲審查等發展歷程。從學派主張到憲政制度深入比較分析,在習李體制下特別強調堅持建設新時代中國特色的社會主義國家,建設 「依法治國、依憲治國」及強軍建國的國家發展。
2018年修憲把「習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想」以及國家監察委員會入憲,同時修改國家主席任期。在中共黨史1945 年「歷史決議」中從第一個決議延安確立毛澤東思想,1981年第二個決議推動鄧小平主導的改革開放,2021年六中全會第三個決議確立新時代習近平連任第3任國家領導人,並提升其至與毛澤東、鄧小平同等地位,強調中國人民「站起來、富起來、強起來」的三階段論述。 從憲法相關性來看,修憲原則必須更符合民意,尤其是高度涉及人民權益時,在港澳回歸後,香港政治問題立即浮上檯面。本論文以「港、澳、台國家安全法」演變加以比較討論,中國大陸2015年在國安法條上加入「顛覆國家政權」、「分裂國家」、「恐怖活動」、「外部勢力干預」進行立法,再針對《臺灣國安法》修訂的「國安五法」通過內容,尤其中共一再宣稱不排除軍事武統臺灣,為健全國家安全法制與時俱進。 2020年在全國人大常委會提出「港版國安法」後引起國際間矚目,國際上已認知在香港國安法後,香港的體制已由「一國兩制」到「一國一制」。國際上對中國「一國一制」自然會找理由抵制,反而引起彼此間會有「修昔底德陷阱」(Thucydides Trap)的矛盾。本論文從探討研究方法分析,對憲法在民主國家有一定規律的學理依循,但中國大陸政治立憲主義學派政治指導憲政發展,堅持自己民主制度的憲法學主張。因此,研究共產國家強調自己是人民民主專政下,研究方法以非介入性研究法中的法律釋義學架構/比較法作分析主軸,在中共憲法歷史系譜發展過程中,找出未來中國大陸的憲法解釋和違憲審查最可能的發展方向。 This thesis studies issues such as the power of constitutional interpretation and supervision of the "1982 Constitution" in mainland China. Looking back at the constitutional history of mainland China, including the May 4th Constitution, the 1975 Constitution, the 1978 Constitution and the 1982 Constitution, after five constitutional amendments and the introduction of the Hong Kong National Security Law, the relevant constitutional interpretations and The development process such as constitutional review. From the opinions of schools to the in-depth comparative analysis of the constitutional system, under the Xi-Li system, special emphasis is placed on insisting on building a socialist country with Chinese characteristics in the new era, building a country that "governs the country according to law and the constitution" and builds a strong military and national development. In 2018, the constitution was revised to incorporate "Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era" and the National Supervisory Commission into the constitution, and also revised the presidential term. In the "Historical Resolutions" in the history of the Communist Party of China in 1945, the first resolution in Yan'an established Mao Zedong Thought, the second resolution in 1981 promoted the reform and opening up led by Deng Xiaoping, and the third resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2021 established the new era for Xi Jinping's third term in office. He served as national leader and promoted him to the same status as Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, emphasizing the three-stage discussion of the Chinese people's "standup, get rich, and become strong." From the perspective of constitutional relevance, the principles of constitutional revision must be more in line with public opinion, especially when people’s rights and interests are highly involved. After the return of Hong Kong and Macao, political issues in Hong Kong immediately surfaced. This paper compares and discusses the evolution of the "National Security Laws of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan". In 2015, Mainland China added "subversion of state power", "secession of the country", "terrorist activities" and "intervention by external forces" to the national security laws. legislation, and then focus on the content of the "Five National Security Laws" revised to the "Taiwan National Security Law". In particular, the CCP has repeatedly declared that it will not rule out military reunification of Taiwan and keeps pace with the times in order to improve the national security legal system. In 2020, the National People's Congress Standing Committee proposed the "Hong Kong version of the National Security Law", which attracted international attention. The international community has recognized that after the Hong Kong National Security Law, Hong Kong's system has changed from "one country, two systems" to "one country, one system." The international community will naturally find reasons to boycott China's "one country, one system" policy, which will lead to "Thucydides Trap" conflicts between them. This paper analyzes the research methods and finds that the constitution has certain rules in democratic countries. However, the political constitutionalism school in mainland China guides the development of constitutionalism and adheres to its own constitutional views on democratic systems. Therefore, when studying a communist country that emphasizes that it is under a people's democratic dictatorship, the research method uses the legal hermeneutic framework/comparative method in the non-intrusive research method as the main axis of analysis. In the process of the development of the historical genealogy of the Chinese Communist Party's constitution, find out the most likely development direction of constitutional interpretation and constitutional review in mainland China in the future. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/91432 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202304584 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(限校園內公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 國家發展研究所 |
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