得獎蝴蝶蘭的原生種及前三代親本之親緣聚集與特徵分析

Abstract

蝴蝶蘭是全球最受歡迎的花卉，由於複雜的親緣組成，導致育種難度較高，需要釐清親緣組成，以提升育種效率。本研究以近三十年的得獎蝴蝶蘭作為研究對象，採用書目計量學，釐清經蘭花協會認可具備優良性狀的蝴蝶蘭，其背後的原生種親緣聚集表現、前三代親本的組成偏好，以及原生種與前三代親本的相互呼應。自OrchidWiz資料庫，收集3,186個得獎蝴蝶蘭的原生種親緣，以及前三代親本的資料，進行多元尺度分析及社會網絡分析，結果顯示近30年的得獎蝴蝶蘭，其原生種親緣呈聚集現象，尤其14個核心原生種親緣，在得獎蝴蝶蘭的後代數量上顯著較高；而得獎蝴蝶蘭的標準類前三代親本偏好由雜交種組成，珍奇類迷你多花的前三代親本偏好由原生種組成，珍奇類橙＼黃色、丑花的前三代親本，則分別偏好為原生種為主及雜交種為主的取徑。本研究亦發現原生種經常涉入於得獎蝴蝶蘭的前三代親本，並應用於珍奇類得獎蝴蝶蘭之育成，且得獎蝴蝶蘭的親緣結構偏好呼應市場需求。藉由分析原生種親緣在得獎蝴蝶蘭的涉入概況，及得獎蝴蝶蘭前三代譜系的常見親本，了解近代得獎蝴蝶蘭的育種發展。此研究結果可以作為擬定蝴蝶蘭育種計畫的參考，藉此培育所需性狀特徵的蝴蝶蘭。

Phalaenopsis is the most popular flower in the world, but breeding is difficult due to its complex kin composition. It is necessary to clarify the kin composition to improve breeding efficiency. Based on bibliometrics, this study takes the award-winning Phalaenopsis for nearly 30 years as the research object to investigate the performance of kin aggregation of species, the composition preference of parents within three generations, and the situation of species involved in three generations. From the OrchidWiz database, 3,186 award-winning Phalaenopsis are collected with kin aggregation of species and parents within three generations. By multidimensional scaling analysis and social network analysis, research results showed that the species kin in award-winning Phalaenopsis in the past 30 years displayed an aggregation phenomenon. In particular, the influence of the core species kin is mainly reflected in the number of offspring. The characteristics of the preference of parent within three generations are divided into 3 types: standard flowers consist of hybrid; multiple flowers are composed of species; orange, yellow, and harlequin flowers are mainly species or hybrids respectively. The finding found that the species is involved in the first three generations, and tends to be applied to novelty breeding. Besides, the results also pointed out that the kin aggregation of the award-winning Phalaenopsis responds to market demand. This study aims to understand the modern breeding development of the award-winning Phalaenopsis by examining the involvement of species and the parents within three generations. Given the research results, as a reference for drawing up a Phalaenopsis breeding plan.