出口產品價格的決定因素：台灣海關資料的實證

Abstract

我們使用 2006 至 2017 年間台灣廠商稅務資料和海關資料，對影響台灣出口產品價格的因素進行分析。我們首先使用廠商稅務資料估計出廠商的總要素生產力 (total factor productivity, TFP)，再使用固定效果模型對出口價格進行迴歸分析，得到以下三個方面的發現。第一，出口價格和出口目的國特性之間具有顯著關係。出口價格和台灣與目的國的距離、目的國的人均國內生產毛額 (gross domestic product, GDP) 呈現正向關係，和目的國的 GDP 呈現負向關係。第二，出口價格和廠商特性之間具有顯著關係。出口價格和廠商的 TFP 在全體製造業和機械製造業中呈現正向關係，在電子製造業呈現負向關係。除了機械製造業之外，出口價格和廠商年齡在其他樣本中均呈現負向關係。出口價格和廠商的人均固定資本在各組樣本中皆呈現正向關係。最後，對於不同廠商生產的同一產品，出口價格的平均數、標準差和廠商出口的目的國數量、產品種類數量之間具有顯著關係。出口價格的平均數和廠商出口的國家數量在全體製造業、電子製造業中呈現正向關係，在機械製造業中呈現負向關係。出口價格的平均數和廠商出口的產品種類數量在電子製造業呈現正向關係，在全體製造業、機械製造業中呈現負向關係。出口價格的標準差和廠商出口的國家數量在各組樣本中皆呈現正向關係，而出口價格的標準差和廠商出口的產品種類數量在各組樣本中皆呈現負向關係。

We analyzed Taiwanese firm data and customs data from 2006 to 2017 to study the factors that affect export product prices. We first estimated the firms' total factor productivity (TFP) using firm data. Then, we used a fixed-effects model to conduct a regression analysis on export prices, leading to the following findings. First of all, there is a significant relationship between export prices and destination characteristics. Export prices increase with the distance between Taiwan and the destination, and the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of the destination, while decrease with the destination's GDP. Second, there is a significant relationship between export prices and firm characteristics. Export prices increase with firms' TFP in the manufacturing and machinery manufacturing industries but decrease with firms' TFP in the electronics manufacturing industry. Except for the machinery manufacturing industry, export prices show a negative correlation with firm age. Export prices are positively correlated with firms' fixed capital per worker in all groups. Finally, the average and the standard deviation of export prices of a given product are significantly related to the number of destinations that the firm exports to and the number of products that are exported by the firm. The relation between average export prices and the number of destinations that the firm exports to is positive in the manufacturing and electronic manufacturing industries but negative in the machinery manufacturing industry. The average export prices increase with the number of products that are exported by the firm in the electronics manufacturing industry but decrease with the number of products that are exported by the firm in the manufacturing and machinery manufacturing industries. The standard deviation of export prices increases with the number of destinations that the firm exports to and decreases with the number of products that are exported by the firm in all groups.