公司機關決議之必要──內部決議與外部效力爭議的反思

Abstract

公司內部的股東會或董事會決議若有瑕疵，是否會連動公司外部法律行為之效力？對此問題，司法實務多數採取無權代理說之見解，與之相對，少部分的實務見解著眼於交易安全之保障而採取相對無效說的看法。而後者之見解較為學界多數見解所接受。 然而本文認為相對無效說似忽視法定專屬決議事項之規範目的而有待商榷，在此議題中應將公司股東或董事之權益保障置於善意的交易相對人之前。在此思考脈絡下，本文主張對於公司機關決議之存否應採取更為實質認定的觀點，同時並以比較法上一致同意原則作為主要論據之一。另外為使相關法律關係更為明確，本文參考比較法上補正程序之立法例並主張透過立法的方式，允許公司針對有瑕疵的法律行為進行後續的補正。藉由上述的分析說明，本文試圖重構公司機關決議之意義。

Whether a defective resolution of a general meeting or of board of directors results in the validity of external corporate acts. In Taiwan, the majority of courts have long been adopted the view of unauthorized agency. In contrast, the minority of courts focuses on the protection of transaction security and adopted the view of relative void. This view is more accepted by the majority of current academic writings. However, this Thesis believe that the protection of shareholders or directors of the company should be prior to bona fide counterparties. Besides, this Thesis refers to the principle of unanimous consent and argues that a more substantive view on the existence of the resolution of the corporate authorities should be adopted. In addition, this Thesis makes reference to the Delaware General Corporation Law Section 204、205 and argues that the company should be allowed to make subsequent corrections for defective company acts. Through the analysis above, this Thesis attempts to reconstruct the meaning of the resolution of the corporate authorities.