不自證己罪特權之適用範圍

Abstract

不自證己罪特權為現代法治國家肯認之重要原則，惟其於適用範圍上向有主動基準與被動基準之討論，本文藉爬梳美國最高法院及歐洲人權法院之判決見解，以釐清此特權之具體適用。第一章為緒論，第二章介紹美國法相關的提出命令制度及刑事豁免制度，以及不自證己罪特權四大要件（供述性、受強迫、入罪危險、自然人）。第三章介紹歐洲人權公約第六條，以及人權法院於個案操作不自證己罪原則時使用的判斷方法。第四章首先歸納美國聯邦最高法院及歐洲人權法院見解之異同，並提出認識權威理論作為支持供述性要件的理論基礎。最後則回歸我國 法，就不自證己罪特權於身體檢查處分、行政調查之當事人協力義務等二部分，討論此特權之具體適用。

The privilege against self-incrimination is well recognized in modern jurisdictions. However, the scope and rationale for the privilege lack clarification. This paper begins with the important cases of the Supreme Court of the United States and the European Court of Human Rights, and then analyzes the meaning of four basic elements of the privilege (“testimonial evidence”, “compulsion”, “incrimination” and “persons”). After that, this paper introduces the theory of epistemic authority which justifies the scope of the privilege. Finally, this paper applies the privilege against self-incrimination to two fields: physical examination and obligation to co-operate.