廁所劇場： 校園公廁和青少年行動者身分建構

Abstract

校園公廁作為青少年成長階段最常接觸的日常場域之一，不單提供功能性的使用，更生產著許多非功能性的行為。本研究即探討這些行為和青少年行動者的關係，試圖藉Goffman劇場理論（Dramaturgy）的視角和環境心理學的框架切入，釐清校園公廁對於青少年身分建構的影響，並指出該空間的屬性與特質，有著不同其餘校園公共空間所能提供的積極性和作用。 首先，本研究回顧校園公廁的發展歷程，將校園公廁視為提供互動的舞台，而該舞台又是在何種脈絡下被生產，背後又有著什麼樣的規劃邏輯和意識形態作用其中，針對其形式、模矩化設計和補缺式呈現進行論述。再者，討論該空間的使用行為和互動模式如何作為一場演出，受到劇本和即興的影響，並由道具中介，讓不同行動者得以更順利地達成不同目標，且受到廁所空間的特殊性影響。最後，回到青少年身上，說明其角色和身分是如何形塑，且在這過程中涉及到身體、個人空間和群體領域的討論，以及其對於演出角色和身分的認同與定位。

School toilets are one of the most common daily places that adolescents come into contact with during their formative years, providing not only functional use but also producing many non-functional behaviors. This study examines the relationship between these behaviors and adolescent actors, and attempts to clarify the impact of school toilets on the construction of adolescent identities through the perspective of Goffman's Dramaturgy and the framework of environmental psychology, and to point out the attributes and characteristics of this space, which have different positive effects from other school public spaces. First, this study reviews the development of campus public toilets as a stage for interaction, the context in which the stage is produced, the planning logic and ideology behind it, and its form, modular design, and complementary presentation. In addition, it discusses how the behavior and interaction patterns of the space act as a performance, influenced by script and improvisation, and mediated by props, allowing different actors to achieve different goals more smoothly, and influenced by the specificity of the toilet space. Finally, it returns to the adolescents to illustrate how their roles and identities are shaped, and in this process involves a discussion of the body, personal space, and group sphere, as well as their identification and positioning in relation to their roles and identities in the performance.