我國立法委員選舉採重複提名制度之研究

Abstract

我國立委選制在第七次修憲後，從單記不可讓渡投票制（Single non-transferable vote，SNTV）改成單一選區兩票並立制（mixed member majoritarian system, MMM）。經過多次選舉已被證明是一個對大黨有利、對小黨不利的選舉制度，多年來引發各界批評，並出現改為聯立制（mixed member proportional system, MMP）的聲音。本研究認為，聯立制固然對小黨有利，但在當前全球政治極化、美中對抗升溫以及中國提升對台文攻武嚇的背景下，已讓我國人民相當焦慮。因此，在焦慮、極端對立的政治環境下，極端政黨在台灣已有發展空間，並且可能趁著聯立制對小黨有利的因素，在國會中取得席次並擴大政治影響力，最終造成我國民主嚴重威脅並加深人民對立。因此，要如何改革立委選制，讓社會多元聲音能在國會中被反應，同時又能減少極端政黨的政治影響力，便成為本文的研究動機。 本研究透過文獻分析法，分析與我國國會選舉同樣採用並立制選制的日本以及南韓，對於自身國會議員選制改革的經驗與後續政治影響後，再藉由深度訪談法，訪談國民黨、民進黨、台灣民眾黨以及時代力量立委對我國立委選制改革的看法，以此綜合分析論述出，既能保障多元聲音進入國會又不使極端政黨擁有太大政治影響力的兩全其美之策，便是在現行並立制選制中，納入重複提名制度。

Following the seventh constitutional amendment, the electoral system for Taiwan's legislators was changed from single non-transferable vote to mixed member majoritarian system. Numerous elections have demonstrated that this electoral system favors the big parties and disadvantages the small parties. Over the years, it has been criticized by people and there have been calls for a change to mixed member proportional system. This study suggests that small parties benefit from the mixed member proportional system. Nonetheless, as a result of the current global political polarization, the escalating conflict between the United States and China, and China's increased offensive and military intimidation against Taiwan, the Taiwanese people have become quite anxious. Moreover, the China issue has always been the primary cause of the bipolar conflict between Taiwanese society. Therefore, under a political climate of anxiety and extreme opposition, extremist political parties have room to develop in Taiwan and may take advantage of the favorable factors of the compensatory mixed member proportional system for small parties to gain seats in the Parliament and expand their political influence, posing a severe threat to Taiwan's democracy and intensifying public opposition. Reforming the electoral system of legislators so that the diverse voices of society can be heard in the Parliament and reducing the political influence of extremist parties has become the focus of this study's research. This study analyzed the experience and subsequent political impact of electoral reform in Japan and South Korea, which adopted the mixed member majoritarian system similar to Taiwan's parliamentary elections, using the literature review method. Then, the views of legislators from the Kuomintang (KMT), the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), the Taiwan People's Party, and the New Power Party on the reform of the legislator election system in Taiwan were obtained through in-depth interviews. Incorporating the dual candidacy system into the current mixed member majoritarian system, as discussed in this study, can ensure the entry of diverse voices into the Parliament without giving extremist parties too much political influence.