以台灣資料探討快樂因素

Abstract

「快樂」是一種主觀感受，可能來自於生活中的好事發生，或是也有好運降臨帶來的感覺。基於文明社會帶來的社會衝擊，所影響我們的情緒問題，本文欲透過問卷調查之數據，使用排序性常態機率模型(ordered probit model)實證，以達成以下三大目的：首先探討影響台灣人民的快樂之因素，以增進人民福祉；第二，因過去台灣文獻中並沒有針對價值觀部分作為被解釋變數來實證，因此本文一併拿來作為被解釋變數，考慮是否主觀變數的影響因素是否類似，為進一步探討之重點；第三，過去在台灣的快樂探討文獻較少，企盼本文對於台灣的研究有新的貢獻，也和過去的Tsou and Liu (2001)做對照。 實證結果發現：年齡對快樂的影響呈現U-shape函數，若是一個人為已婚女性、有高中學歷，無工作之但收入會比較高機率感到快樂。而健康狀況、個人習慣、工作狀況等對快樂的影響則是不顯著。在不同主觀之被解釋變數的延伸結果下，發現所得分配之判斷並不會被個人特質所影響，與快樂之結果大相逕庭，而家庭支出狀況則是在大學學歷以上為正相關，與快樂指數不同，而工作時數與抽菸習慣都有負向影響，影響家庭支出狀況選擇結果。可以看出雖然都是主觀價值觀變數，但影響之變數情形是不相同的。

'Happiness' is a subjective feeling, which may come from the occurrence of good things in life or the feeling of good luck. Based on the social impact of civilization and the emotional problems that affect us, this paper aims to use the ordered probit model to verify the data from the questionnaire survey to achieve the following three objectives: First, to explore the factors that affect the happiness of Taiwanese people to enhance their well-being. Second, since there is no empirical support for the value component as the explained variable in previous Taiwanese literature, this paper adopts it as the explained variable and investigates whether the influencing elements of the subjective variables are comparable. Thirdly, there is very little research on the study of happiness in Taiwan, and I hope that this paper will provide a new contribution to the study of Taiwan, as well as a comparison to the previous literature. The empirical findings indicate that age has a U-shaped function on happiness. A married woman with a high school degree who is unemployed is more likely to be happy. The effect of health, personal habits, and employment level on happiness is insignificant. According to the extended results of various subjective explanatory variables, the judgement of income distribution was unaffected by individual characteristics and differed significantly from the happiness results, whereas household expenditure status was positively correlated with college education and above, in contrast to the happiness index, and working hours and smoking habits had a negative effect on the selection of household expenditure status. Even though they are both subjective value variables, it can be observed that the causes that influence them are different.